Board Games
Chess
Dama
Snake Ladder
By:
Eden Orolfo
Maria Vibar
Krissa Marie Borebor
Leny Valencia
Board Games
Chess
Chess is a two-player strategy
board game played on a
chessboard, a checkered game
board with 64 squares arrange in
an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is
played millions of people
worldwide, both amateurs and
professionals.
OBJECTIVE
The objective is to ‘checkmate’ the
opponents king by placing it under an
inescapable threat of capture. To this end,
a player’s pieces are used to attack and
capture the opponent’s pieces, while
supporting each other. In addition to
checkmate, the game can be won by
voluntary resignation by the opponent ,
which typically occurs when too much
material is lost, of if checkmate appears
unavoidable. A game may also result in a
draw in several ways.
SET UP THE START OF THE
GAME
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one
king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two
bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the piece types
of moves differently, with the most powerful
being the queen and the least powerful the pawn.
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows
(called rank and denoted with letters a to h). The
colors of 64 squares alternate and are referred to
as “light” and “dark” squares. The chessboard is
placed with a light square at the right-hand end of
the rank nearest to each player.
By convention, the game pieces are
divided into white and black sets, and the
players are referred to as “white” and
“black” respectively.
Each player begins the game with 16
pieces of the specified color, which
consist of one king, one queen, two
rooks, two bishops,, two knights, and
eight pawns.
Each queen is set on a square of its own
color, the white queen on a light square
and the black queen on the dark.
MOVEMENT
The player with the white pieces always moves first .
After the first move, players alternately move one
piece per turn (except for castling, when two pieces
are moved). Pieces are move to either an unoccupied
square or one occupied by the opponent’s piece,
which is captured and removed from play.
With the sole exception of en passant, all pieces
capture by moving to the square that the opponent’s
piece occupies. A player may not make any move
that would put or leave the players own king under
attack. A player cannot “pass”; at each turn one
must a legal move (this is the basis for the finesse
called zugswang)
If the player move has no legal move, the
game is over; it is either a checkmate (a
loss for a player with no legal moves) if
the king is under attack, or a stalemate(a
draw) if the king is not.
Each Chess Piece has its own
Style of Moving
The King moves
one square in any
direction. The king
has also a special
move which is
called castling and
involves also
moving rock.
The ROOK can
move any number
of squares along
any rank of life, but
may not leaf over
other pieces. Along
with the king, the
rock is involved
during the king’s
castling move.
The BISHOP can
move any number
of squares
diagonally, but may
not leap over other
pieces
The QUEEN
combines the
power of the rock
and bishop and can
move any number
of squares along
rank, file, or
diagonal, but it
may not leap over
other pieces.
The KNIGHT moves to
any of the closest
squares that are not
on the same rank, file
or diagonal, thus the
move forms an “L”
shape: two square
vertically and one
square horizontally
and one square
vertically. The knight is
the only piece that can
leap over other pieces.
The PAWN may move
forward to the unoccupied
square immediately in front
of it on the same file, or on
its first move it may
advance two squares along
the same file provided both
squares are unoccupied
(black “●”s in the diagram);
or the pawn may capture
the opponent’s piece on a
square diagonally in front of
it on an adjacent file, by
moving to that square
(black “x”s). The pawn has
two special moves: the en
passant capture and pawn
promotion.
Other Movements
EN PASSANT- when a pawn advances two
squares from its starting position and there is an
opponent’s pawn on an adjacent file next to its
destination square, then the opponent’s pawn
can capture it en passant (in passing), and
move to the square the pawn passed over. This
can only be done on the very next move,
otherwise the right to do so is forfeit. For
example, if the black pawn has just advanced
two squares form g7 (initial starting position) to
g5, then the white pawn on f5 may take it via en
passant on g6 (but only on white’s next move).
CASTLING- Once in every game, each king is allowed to
make a special move, known as castling. Castling consist
of moving the king two squares along the first rank toward
a rook (which is on the player’s first rank) and then placing
the rook on the last square that the king has just crossed.
Castling is permissible under the following conditions:
Neither the king nor the rook have previously moved
during the game.
There cannot be any pieces between the king and the
rook.
The king cannot be in check, nor can the king pass
through squares that are under attack by enemy pieces,
or move to a square where it would result in a check.
Note: that castling is permissible if the rook is attached, or
if the rook crosses a square that is attached
PROMOTION- When a pawn advances to the
eight rank, as a part of the move it is
promoted and must be exchanged for the
player’s choice of queen, rook, bishop, or
knight of the same color. Usually, the pawn
is chosen to be promoted to a queen, but in
some cases another piece is chosen; this is
called under promotion. There is no
restriction placed on the piece that is
chosen on promotion, so it is posible to
have more pieces of the same type than at
the start of the game.(for example, two
queens).
CHECK- When a king in under immediate
attack by one or two of the opponent’s
pieces, it is said to be in check. A
response to a check is a legal move if it
results in a position where the king is no
longer under direct attack ( that is, not in
check). This can involved capturing the
checking piece; interposing a piece
between the checking piece and the king
(which is possible only if the attacking
piece is a queen, rook or bishop and
there is a square between it and the
king); or moving the king to the square
where it is not under attack.
END OF THE GAME
WIN
Games may be won on the following ways:
Checkmate
Resignation
Loss on time
Forfeit
DRAW
Games may be end in a draw in several
ways:
Draw by agreement
Stalemate
Threefold Repetition of a position
The fifty move Rule
Fivefold repetition of a position
The seventy-five-move Rule
Insufficient Material
Dama
Snake Ladder
Snakes and Ladders, known originally as
Moksha Patam, is an ancient Indian board
game regarded today as a worldwide
classic.
It is played between two or more players
on a game board having numbered,
gridded squares. A number of “ladders”
and “snakes” are picture on the board,
each connecting two specific board
squares. The object of the game is to
navigate one’s game place, according to
die rolls, from the start (bottom square)
to the finish (top square), helped or
hindered by ladders and snake
History
Snakes and Ladders originated in India as
part of a family of dice board games that
included Gyan chauper and pachisi
(present-day Ludo and Parcheesi). Made the
game made its way to England and was
sold as “Snake and Ladders”, then the basic
concept was introduced in the United States
as Chutes and Ladders (an improved new
version of England’s famous indoor sport by
game pioneer Milton Bradley in 1943.
Ancient India 2nd century AD
Years active
to present
Board game, Race game, Dice
Genre(s)
game
Players 2 or more
Setup time Negligible
Playing time 15 – 45 minutes
Random chance Complete
Skill(s) required Counting, observation
Moksha Patam
Synonym(s)
Chutes and Ladders
Equipment
The size of the grid (most commonly
8x8, 10x10 or 12x12) varies, as does the
exact arrangement of the snakes and
ladders, with both factors affecting the
duration of play. Each player is presented
by a distinctly coloured game piece token. A
single die is rolled to determine random
movement of a player’s token in the
traditional form of play.
The game is a simple race based on
sheer luck, and is popular with young
children. The historic version had its roots in
morality lessons, on which a player’s
progression up the board represented a life
journey complicated by virtues (ladders)
and vices (snakes). A commercial version
with different morality lessons, Chutes and
Ladders, has been published by Milton
Bradley since the 1940’s
Thank You!