Chapter 4:
Background of the
Study
I N T R O D U C T I O N . S TAT E M E N T O F T H E P R O B L E M . S C O P E &
D E L I M I TAT I O N . S I G N I F I C A N C E O F T H E S T U DY
“The Problem”, “The Problem and its
Background” or “Background of the
Study”
- The 1st Chapter of the research paper which
introduces the research problem, clarify its
important variables, discuss its limitations and
specify the significance of the study
It includes the necessary
components:
A. Introduction
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Framework
D. Hypothesis (Null or Alternative)
E. Significance of the Study
Introduction
Introduction
- Very important in establishing the cognitive setting
of the research.
- Involves:
◦ Discussing why is there a need to study the problem.
◦ Clarifying the important terminologies for the reader to
easily understand what the research is about
- Establishing the degree of seriousness of the problem,
which has prompted the researcher to look for solutions.
The following questions will
guide you in writing the
introduction:
1. What is the rationale of the research problem?
2. What is the setting of the research problem?
3. What is the basic literature foundation of the study?
4. How serious is the chosen problem?
5. What is the general objective of the research problem?
1. What is the rationale of
the research problem?
- Reasons why the researcher has decided to look for such
solutions to the problem.
- Researcher’s experience that driven them to conduct the
study.
- Example are the following: a news heard, a personal
experience, a viral issue, a scene witnessed, a theory needs
to be clarified, etc.
2. What is the setting of the
research problem?
- Forms the delimitation of the problem.
- Describes where the research is conducted.
- Focus on the peculiarity or uniqueness of the setting.
- Example: if the setting is a school, a researcher may discuss
the type of school (public or private), its mission and vision,
unique way of transportation, etc.
3. What is the basic
literature foundation of the
study?
- Defines and clarifies the terms or variables used in the
study.
- Assists the researcher in determining the boundaries of
the study.
- Provides strength and substance in the introduction part of
the research paper.
4. How serious is the chosen
research problem?
- The researcher must see the intensity and magnitude of
the problem.
- The researchers may provide further information such as
statistical or quantitative evidences or data about the
problem.
- The researcher could also point out the area or population
affected by the problem.
5. What is the general
objective of the problem?
- Derived from the general statement of the problem.
- Should be the basis of the enumerated statements of the
specific problem.
- May also be the transition for the next part which is the
statement of the problem.
Suggested Guidelines in Writing
the Intro
1. Visualize the structure of the introduction as an
inverted pyramid.
2. The first paragraph is intended to prepare the readers
mentally, thus giving them information as to what the
problem of the research is all about.
3. The second paragraph is the greater part of the
introduction as it tells the readers about the scope,
circumstances and the coverage of the study.
Suggested Guidelines in Writing
the Intro
4. The third paragraph revolves around the various
conditions that accompany and determine the
purpose of the study.
5. The last paragraph will be a closing paragraph that
will arouse the curiosity and interests of the readers
to know the results of the study.
6. Do not write the introduction before starting the
whole research study.
Thank you!