LESSON 2.

REPRESENTATIVE
TEXTS FROM THE
REGIONS

21st Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World
IMAGERY
is a poetic element that tries
to create a picture in the
mind of the reader or a
mental image through the
use of figurative language.
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TYPES1. OF IMAGERY
1. Visual imagery. In this form of
poetic imagery, the poet appeals to
the reader’s sense of sight by
describing something the speaker
or narrator of the poem sees. It
may include colors, brightness,
shapes, sizes, and patterns.
 EX A MPLE OF VISUAL 4

1.
IMAGERY
As they sat on the soft, sugary
sand beach waiting for the sunset,
the sinking sun shimmered on the
water as the blue sky transformed
into various shade of purple and
pink.
2. Auditory Imagery
This form of poetic imagery
appeals to the reader’s
sense of hearing or sound. It
may include music and
other pleasant sounds,
harsh noises, or silence.
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Example of Auditory Imagery
•The clanking of the keys
•The clang of the plates
•Crow of the rooster in the morning
•The chirping of the birds
•Whistling crescendo of the nightingale
•The rustle of the papers
•Pitter-patter of the rain
•The tapping of nails on the table
•Clap of hands
•Buzz of the bees
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3 . GUSTATORY
1.
IMAGERY
In this form of poetic imagery, the
poet appeals to the reader’s sense
of taste by describing something
the speaker or narrator of the poem
tastes. It may include sweetness,
sourness, saltiness, savoriness, or
spiciness.
 EXAMPLE OF
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G U S TAT1.O RY I M A G E RY
1. The salty, sweet flavor of salt water
taffy was Carrie's very favorite thing
about going to the beach for summer
vacation.
2. Sue thought she was biting into an
orange slice and was shocked as her
mouth exploded with the bitter taste of
a lemon.
4. Tactile imagery
In this form of poetic imagery,
the poet appeals to the reader’s
sense of touch by describing
something the speaker of the
poem feels on their body. It may
include the feel of temperatures,
textures, and other physical
sensations.
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 Example of Tactile
imagery
A gust of cold air blew over
her, causing her body to
shiver. After she pulled the
fuzzy blanket up to her chin,
she was warm and cozy.

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5. OLFACTORY IMAGERY
1.

In this form of poetic imagery, the

poet appeals to the reader’s
sense of smell by describing
something the speaker of the
poem inhales. It may include
pleasant fragrances or off-putting
odors.
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EXAMPLES OF
OLFACTORY IMAGERY
1.

1. The sweet fragrance of

honeysuckle always reminded
Jenny of her mother’s perfume.

2. He woke up to the smell of burnt

toast and greasy bacon, when all
he wanted was coffee.
6. Kinesthetic imagery
In this form of poetic imagery, the
poet appeals to the reader’s sense
of motion. It may include the
sensation of speeding along in a
vehicle, a slow sauntering, or a
sudden jolt when stopping, and it
may apply to the movement of the
poem’s speaker/narrator or objects
around them.
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Examples kinesthetic imagery
1. He rummaged through each
drawer, hurling items to the
floor until he found the
mysterious bracelet.

2. She raked her fingers through

her hair in an attempt to smooth
out the knots.
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7. ORGANIC IMAGERY
1.

In this form of poetic imagery,

the poet communicates internal
sensations such as fatigue,
hunger, and thirst as well as
internal emotions such as fear,
love, and despair.
 EX A MPLES OF ORGANIC 16

1.
IMAGERY
1. Her eyes lit up the moment
she saw him, and she ran into
his arms.

2. She clenched her fists and

then threw her hands in the air
as he continued to yell at her.
Filipino poet Carlos A. Angeles was born on
May 25, 1921, in Tacloban City in the province
of Leyte. He attended Rizal High for his high
school and graduated in 1938. For his college
education, he attended several institutions
such as Ateneo de Manila, the University of
the Philippines, and Central Luzon Colleges.
While in UP, he was an active member of the
UP Writer’s Club.
His masterpiece called “A Stun Of Jewels”, is
a collection of 47 poems that is award-
winning. It gained the highest honor at the
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature
when it included Poetry for the first time which
was in 1964.
In the same said year, the same poetry
collection was recognized and awarded
Republic Cultural Heritage Award for
Literature. In 1993, he did “A Bruise of Ashes”
published by the Ateneo University Press.
1. What image does the poem,
Gabu, try to create?
2. Which word or group of
words from the poem help you
form this image?
•The persona in the poem is probably someone on
a beach at Gabu, watching the rough sea,
contemplating life.

•It could also be someone sitting on a beach at

Gabu, watching the rough ocean waves.

•In life, we are constantly confronted with death

and decay, even though we try our best to shield
ourselves from it.

•Another possible persona is someone who lost a

loved one because of the fury of the sea
•Life can be restless like the sea; temporal,
but desires permanence.

Life can be restless like the sea, and

sometimes it seems that we are just
drifting around. But there is beauty in the
temporal as well; life should be lived to its
fullest. Life should not merely be a waiting
game but a living game. We may never
reach permanence on this earth, but
perhaps we can find a sense of fulfillment
 The battering restlessness of the sea
Insists a tidal fury upon the beach
At Gabu, and its pure consistency
Havocs the wasteland hard within its
reach.

The sea is restless and can be destructive

•Sea = Life
•Battering restlessness = Impermanent
Brutal the daylong bashing of its heart
Against the seascape where, for miles
around,
Farther than sight itself, the rock-
stones part
And drop into the elemental wound.

The turmoil of the sea is continuous and

powerful
•Brutal bashing = life’s chaos
•Elemental wound = Depths of the sea
 The waste of centuries is grey and dead
And neutral where the sea has beached its
brine,
Where the split salt of its heart lies spread
Among the dark habiliments of Time.

The sea has been there for centuries

•Waste of centuries = Past
Once the sea touches shore, it becomes neutral
•Spilt salt = Bad luck
Saltiness of the sea describes its
darkness/deadness
Time bears the “spilt salt” of life
The vital splendor misses. For
here
At Gabu where the ageless
tide recurs
All things forfeited are most
loved and dear.

The brilliance necessary for life is

not there because in life even the
most important things are lost
It is the sea pursues a habit
of shores.

Waves show that the sea is

constantly moving, but always
towards the shore
Life is bounded by time, always
moving, but what we all desire
is a stable and eternal ending
•Spiritual context: Shore =
A Taste of Philippine Poetry
Located in the northwest of Luzon,
the Ilocos Region or Region 1
comprises four provinces, namely:
Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and
Pangasinan. It is bordered to the west
by the turbulent South China Sea, to
the east by the Cordillera
Administrative Region, the northeast
and southeast by Cagayan Valley and
Most of the inhabitants of the Ilocano
homeland are concentrated along a narrow
coastal plain. Because of geographical
boundaries, these people often experience
heavy rains and violent typhoons, especially
during rainy seasons. The region, then,
takes pride in long stretches of white sand
and clear waters alongside its rich cultural
heritage.
A Moment of Silence

Gabu depicts a coastline in Ilocos that is

constantly experiencing the battering
restlessness of the sea.

The water that comes back to the shore

seems furious and ruthless with its daylong
bashing, which havocs the wasteland.

Being an archipelagic country, the

Philippines knows the importance of water
A Taste of Tagalog Essay
More popularly known now as
the CALABARZON referring to
the provinces of Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon,
Region IV-A is home to Tagalog-
speaking people in the
Philippines.
Recognized all over the country for their bravery
and fearlessness in battles, CALABARZON has
participated actively in the country’s fight for
freedom and democracy. It is home to many
Philippine heroes foremost, and among them are
Rizal of Laguna, Mabini of Batangas, and
Aguinaldo of Cavite.
A Taste of Creative Nonfiction
The island of Visayas is one of the
major geographical divisions in the
Philippines, the other two being
Luzon and Mindanao. It is divided
into Western, Central, and Eastern
Visayas. The Visayas region
comprises several islands circling
the Visayan Sea.
Its people, therefore, share a sea-
based culture and tradition that may
be rooted in a strong religious
foundation. The dwelling place of
many festivals such as the Ati-
Atihan, Di-nagyang, Sinulog,
Pintados, and Maskara, the
Visayas may indeed be considered
as one of the cradles of Philippine
civilization.
The dwelling place of many festivals such as
the:

Ati-Atihan - The Kalibo Santo Niño—Ati-Atihan

Festival, also simply called Ati-Atihan Festival, is a
Philippine festival held annually in January in honor
of the Santo Niño (Holy Child or Infant Jesus) in
several towns of the province of Aklan, Panay Island.
The biggest celebration is held during the third
Sunday of January in the town of Kalibo, the
province's capital. The name Ati-Atihan means "to
imitate the Ati people.
The Dinagyang Festival is a religious
and cultural festival in Iloilo City,
Philippines, held annually on the
fourth Sunday of January, or right
after the Sinulog in Cebu and the
Ati-Atihan Festival in Kalibo, Aklan.
As one of the largest festivals in
the Philippines. The
word Dinagyang came from a
Hiligaynon word extrapolated
from dágyang, meaning
“merrymaking.”
The festival hosts a celebration of the
Santo Niño (Holy Child or Infant Jesus) and
the pact between the Datus and the locals
after the arrival of Malay settlers and the
legendary barter of Panay Island from the
natives called Ati.

The late Ilonggo broadcaster and writer

Pacifico Sumagpao Sudario coined the term in
1977 to differentiate it from Kalibo's Ati-
Atihan.
The Sinulog-Santo Niño Festival is an
annual cultural and religious festival held on
the third Sunday of January in Cebu City and
is the centre of the Santo Niño Catholic
Christian celebrations in the Philippines. The
word Sinulog comes from the Cebuano
adverb sulog, roughly meaning "like
water current movement;" describing the
forward-backward dance movements.
On March 16, 1521, the Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan arrived and planted the
cross on the shores of Cebu, claiming the
territory for Spain. He presented the image of the
Child Jesus to the Rajah Humabon. Hara
Humamay (or Amihan in some versions) was
later named, Queen Juana after Juana, mother of
Carlos I along with the rulers of the island and
some 800 natives were also converted to the
Roman Catholic faith.
This event is frequently used as basis for most
Sinulog dances, which dramatize the coming of
the Spaniards and the presentation of the Santo
Niño to the Queen. A popular theme among
Sinulog dances is Queen Juana holding the
Santo Niño in her arms and using it to bless her
people who were often afflicted with sickness
believed to be caused by demons and other evil
spirits.
The Pintados Festival is a cultural-religious
celebration in Tacloban based on the body-
painting traditions of the ancient tattooed "
pintados" warriors.[1] In 1986, the Pintados
Foundation, Inc. was formed by the people
of Tacloban to organize this festival in honor
of Sr. Santo Niño.[2]
Years later, it was merged with
the Kasadyaan Festival which is
always held on June 29. "Pintados," or
"painted people," is a term that refers
to the native Filipinos who Spanish
colonizers encountered in the 16th
century.
The MassKara Festival (Hiligaynon: Pista sang
MassKara, Filipino: Pista ng MassKara) is an
annual festival with highlights held every 4th
Sunday of October[1][2] in Bacolod, Philippines. The
word "Masskara" is a portmanteau, coined by the
late artist Ely Santiago from mass (a multitude of
people), and the Spanish word cara (face), thus
forming MassKara (a multitude of faces). The
Festival first began in 1980.
 PRESENTATION TITLE
Summary
1. Imagery is a poetic element
that tries to create a picture in
the mind of the reader or a
mental image through the use
of figurative language.
2. Gabu depicts a coastline in
Ilocos that is constantly
experiencing the battering
restlessness of the sea..
21 S T CENTURY LITERATURE OF
THE PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD

THANK YOU
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