CIRCUITS
OBJECTIVE:
• 2.1Enumerate the different kinds of circuit
• 2.2. Differentiate the different kinds of
• electronic circuit relevant to robotics
• 2.3. Describe the operation of each kind of
• circuit as applied to robotics
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ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
An electrical circuit is the combination of different active and
passive components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes,
transistors etc. which form an electrical network. In a closed-loop
circuit, the electric current flows from the source (such as battery)
in the conducting material (e.g. wires and cables) to the load (i.e.
light bulb) and hence returns back to the source.
Electrical circuits are the fundamental building blocks of modern
electronic systems. The appropriate use of different types of circuits
—open, closed, or short circuits—and the proper selection of series,
parallel, or series-parallel circuits profoundly impact the
functionality, safety, and efficiency of electrical systems.
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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
• Open Circuit • Three-Phase Circuit Circuit)
• Closed Circuit • Resistive Circuit • Linear Circuit
• Short Circuit • Inductive Circuit • Non Linear Circuit
• Series Circuit • Capacitive Circuit • Unilateral Circuits
• Parallel Circuit • Resistive, Inductive • Bi-lateral Circuits
(RL Circuit)
• Series-Parallel Circuit • Active Circuit
• Resistive, Capacitive
• Star-Delta Circuit • Passive Circuit
(RC Circuit)
• AC Circuit
• Capacitive, Inductive
• DC Circuit (LC Circuits)
• Single-Phase Circuit • Resistive, Inductive,
Capacitive (RLC
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DIFFERENT TYPES
OF CIRCUITS
OPEN CIRCUITS
A circuit which has no return
path for current to flow in it
(i.e. which is not completed) is
known as an open circuit. In
other words, a circuit
where voltage tends to the
EMF (of generating source)
and no current is flowing at
all is called an open circuit.
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CLOSE CIRCUITS
A circuit which has a
return path for
current to flow in it
(i.e. completed
circuit) is known as
closed circuit.
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SHORT CIRCUITS
A circuit which has a return path
for current to flow in it where
the value of resistance = zero.
(i.e. completed or closed circuit
without connected load) is
known as short circuit. In other
words, A circuit where voltage
tends to zero and current
tends to infinity is called a
short circuit.
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SERIES CIRCUITS
In this circuits, all the
electrical elements (Voltage
or Current sources,
inductors, capacitors,
resistors etc) are connected
in series i.e. There is only
one path for traveling
electricity e.g. these are
single branch circuits.
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PARALLEL CIRCUITS
In this circuits, all the
electrical elements (Voltage
and Current sources,
inductors, capacitors,
resistors etc) are connected
in parallel i.e. There are many
paths for traveling electricity
and the minimum branches in
this circuit are two.
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SERIES - PARALLEL CIRCUITS
If circuit elements are
series connected in some
parts and parallel in others,
that would be a series-
parallel circuit. In other
words, this is a combination
of series, parallel and
series-parallel circuits.
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FOLLOWING ARE MORE DERIVED CIRCUITS OF THE
SERIES, PARALLEL, AND SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUITS
1. Pure Resistive Circuit
2. Pure Inductive Circuit
3. Pure Capacitive Circuit
4. Resistive, Inductive Circuit i.e. RL Circuit
5. Resistive, Capacitive Circuit i.e. RC Circuit
6. Capacitive, Inductive Circuits i.e. LC Circuits
7. Resistive, Inductive, Capacitive Circuit i.e. RLC Circuit
8. Series & Parallel of R, L & C Circuits
9. Combination of Series-Parallel Circuit i.e. Complex
Circuit
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DELTA CIRCUITS
These kinds of circuits are connected
in Star connection or delta connection
. In these circuits, electrical elements
are connected in a way that is
undefined in terms of
series, parallel or series-parallel config
uration
. Star delta circuits can be solved by
Star to Delta and Delta to Star transfo
rmation
.
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AC CIRCUITS
A circuit containing an AC supply
source of voltage is known as AC
circuits. The supply sources for
example are alternator and
synchronous generators.
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DC CIRCUITS
A circuit containing a
DC supply source of
voltage is known as
DC circuits. The
supply sources for
example are
batteries and DC
generators.
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SINGLE PHASE CIRCUITS
The AC power where all the voltages have
the same sinusoidal pattern at a specific
time period is known as single phase AC
supply. In single phase AC circuits, only two
wires (known as phase or line and Neutral)
are needed to complete the circuit.
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POLYPHASE CIRCUITS
Poly means more than one. As the name
suggests, the AC power where there are
three sinusoidal voltages having 120° phase
difference. In three phase AC circuits, three
phase three wires or three phase four wires
are needed to complete the circuit.
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Active Circuit
A circuit which contains on one or more EMF (Electromotive force) sources is called
Active Circuit
Passive Circuit
A circuit, in which no one EMF source exist is called Passive Circuit
Linear Circuit
A linear circuit is an electric circuit in which circuit parameters (resistance,
inductance, capacitance, waveform, frequency etc) are constant. In other words, a
circuit whose parameters are not changed with respect to current and voltage is
called a linear circuit.
Non Linear Circuit
A nonlinear circuit is an electric circuit whose parameters are varied with respect to
current and voltage. In other words, an electric circuit in which circuit parameters
(resistance, inductance, capacitance, waveform, frequency,etc.) are not constant, is
called a Non-linear circuit.
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Unilateral Circuits
In unilateral circuits, the property of circuit changes with the
change of direction of supply voltage or current. In other words, a
unilateral circuit allows the current to flow only in one direction.
Diode or rectifier is an example of a unilateral circuit because it
does not perform the rectification in both directions of supply.
Bi-lateral Circuits
In bilateral circuits, the property of circuit does not change with the
change of direction of supply voltage or current. In other words, a
bilateral circuit allows the current to flow in both directions.
Transmission line is the best example of a bilateral circuit because,
providing the supply voltage from any direction (starting end or
finishing end), the circuit properties remain constant.
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