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Financial Planning and Forecasting Guide

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views16 pages

Financial Planning and Forecasting Guide

Uploaded by

New Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 2: Financial Planning and Forecasting

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Procedures of Strategic Plan


Defining the mission
Assessing the Situation
Developing goal, objectives and strategies
Operational Plan

Financial plan

Sales Forecast
Reviews of past sales
Estimating Annual growth rate

Return on assets(ROA) = Net income


Total assets
Return on equity(ROE) = Net income
Total equity
Dividend payout ratio(D/P ratio) = Dividend
Net income
Retention ratio(RR) = 1 – D/P ratio
Internal growth rate(g) = ROA * RR
1- ROA * RR
Sustainable growth rate(gs) = ROE * RR
1- ROE * RR
Methods of Financial Forecasting

Percent of Sales Methods ljlqmsf] k|ltzt


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Additional Fund Needed(AFN) Equation
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Percentage of External Fund
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Percent of Sales Methods ljlqmsf] k|ltzt ljlw

Forecasting Income Statement cfo ljj/0fsf] k"jf{g'dfg


 Forecasting Balance sheet
Forecasted Income Statement of ........... company for the year......
Actual of Forecast Forecast for
Particulars …..Rs Basis …. Rs
Slaes xxx 1+g xxx
Less: COGS xxx 1+g xxx

Gross profit xxx xxx


Less:Fixed
cost xxx 1+g xxx
EBIT xxx xxx
Less : interest xxx xxx
EBT xxx xxx
Less: tax @40
% xxx xxx
Net income xxx xxx
Less:
dividend xxx xxx
Retained
earning xxx xxx
Forecasting Balance Sheet
Calculation of Spontaneous assets to Sales Ratio
Spontaneous assets Spontaneous
assets to Sales Ratio
Cash cash/sales * 100
Receivable receivable/sales *
100
Inventory Inventory/sales *100
Fixed assets(If full capacity used) Fixed
assets/sales *100
Calculation of Spontaneous liabilities to sales ratio
Spontaneous Liabilities Spontaneous liabilities
to sales ratio
Account/bills/creditors Account/bills/creditors
/sales*100
Accrued/outstanding
Spontaneous Liabilities Non Spontaneous Liabilities
Account payable Notes payable
Bills payable Long term debt
Creditors Preferred stock
Accrued, outstanding expenses Common Stock
Retained earnings
Calculation of additional to Retained Earnings
Additional to Retained Earnings = S1 * PM * RR
……. Company
Projected balance sheet for the year

Liabilities &
equity Rs Assets Rs
Account payable(..
%*S1) xxx Cash (….% * S1) xxx
Account receivable(…
Accruals(…% * S1) xxx % *S1) xxx
Notes payable xxx Inventory (….% * S1) xxx
Net fixed assets (….%
Long term debt xxx * S1) xxx
Common stock xxx
Retained
earnings(+Rs..) xxx
Total Liabilities &
equity xxx Total Assets xxx
Alternatively
……. Company
Actual of ….. And Forecasted Balance Sheet for….

Forecast
Particulars Actual of.. Basis Forecast for..
Cash xxx 1+g xxx
Account Receivable xxx 1+g xxx
Inventory xxx 1+g xxx
Net Fixed Assets xxx 1+g xxx
Total Assets (A) xxx xxx
Account payable xxx 1+g xxx
Accruals xxx 1+g xxx
Notes payable xxx xxx
Long term debt xxx xxx
Common stock xxx xxx
Retained earnings xxx xxx
Total Liabilities and
equity(B) xxx xxx
Additional Fund Needed (AFN) Equation
Growth rate in sales
S1 = So (1+g)
∆s = S1 – So
Where,
S1 = projected or new sales
So = Current or old sales
g = growth rate
∆s = change in sales
Capital Intensity Ratio = A*
So
Where,
A* = Spontaneous assets = current assets + fixed assets(if fixed assets
utilized fully)
L* = Spontaneous liabilities = Account payable+ Bills payable+ Creditors+
Spontaneous Liability to Sales Ratio = L*
So
Profit margin( PM) = Net profit / So
Retention Ratio(RR) = Net income – Dividend
Net income
= 1 – D/P ratio
Additional Fund Needed(AFN) = Increase in assets – Increase in
liabilities – additional retained earnings
AFN = A* - L* ∆s – S1 * PM * RR
So So

= A* - L* ∆s - S1 * PM * (1-D/P ratio)
So So
Percentage of External Fund
Requirement(PEFR)

AFN = Increase in sales * PEFR


PEFR = A* - L* - PM x ( 1+g) x RR
So So g
PEFR = Percentage of External Financial Requirement
Increase in sales = S1 - So
Capacity adjustment
Full capacity sales = Actual Sales/Actual Capacity %
% of assets to which excess capacity exist (A1) = Actual
Assets/Full Capacity sales
% of assets to which excess capacity does not exist (A2) = Actual
Assets/ Actual sales
% of liabilities varying with sales (L) = Actual liabilities/Actual sales
Additional Retained earning = S1 * PM (1 – D/P ratio)
Financial Forecasting Using Regression Method
Y = a + bX
b = N∑XY - ∑X . ∑Y
N ∑X2 - (∑X)2
a = ∑X - (b ∑X)
N N
Where,
Y = level of inventories or receivable or any other assets and
liabilities
X = Level of sales
a = Intercept of the line representing the relationship between X
and Y
b = Coefficient of sales

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