Unit 1: Nature of Research
Lesson 2
Research Process and Ethics
Practical Research 1
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What are the
processes
involved in
doing
research?
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● Recognize the characteristics
Learning of research.
Objective ● Enumerate the steps involved
s in the research process.
At the end of the
lesson, you ● Explain the importance of
should be able to
do the following: ethics in research.
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[Link] are the characteristics of
research?
[Link] are the steps involved in
the research process?
[Link] is ethics important in
research?
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Research is
controlled and
Characteristi manipulated to
cs of understand the
Research relationship
between two or
more variables.
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Research follows
stringent
procedures to find
Characteristi
out the answers
cs of
Research to questions that
are relevant and
appropriate in
nature.
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Research is
systematic as
it follows a
Characteristi
step-by-step
cs of
Research procedure to
answer
research
questions.
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Data are correct
and verifiable by
Characteristi
cs of the researcher
Research and eventually,
by the readers of
the research
work.
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Research must
be totally based
Characteristi on hard
cs of evidence
Research
gathered from
observations
and real-life
experiences.
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The Research Process
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The Research Process
Phase 1
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The Research Process
Phase 2
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The Research Process
Phase 3
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Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Honesty All researchers must honestly present information on data,
results, research methods and procedures, and status of
work. Researchers must not falsify and distort the data to
deceive the public.
Objectivity Researchers should remove any form of bias in all stages of
research. All observations and data collected must not be
changed in any way to agree with the wants of the
researchers.
Prudence Researchers must be careful in evaluating their own work.
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Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Responsible publication Researchers must publish their results and share it to other
people for the sake of science and the pursuit of
knowledge.
Confidentiality Researchers must save and secure confidential information
of anyone involved in the research project, especially the
respondents for their target samples.
Respect for Intellectual The researchers must respect patents, copyright rights,
and other forms of intellectual property. It is a criminal act
Property
for anyone to plagiarize.
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Principles in Research Ethics
Ethical Principles Explanation
Social responsibility Researchers must conduct research studies that could be
beneficial to the entire society.
Anti-discrimination Researchers must avoid discrimination against any form of
social labels like sex, gender, religion, and the like.
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Remember
The research process is an
endless cycle. It does not stop
when the results are published
and shared to the rest of the
community.
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What can be the consequences
if the research does not comply
with the ethical standard?
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Practice
Based on your understanding of the discussed
principles of research ethics, try to cite scenarios
where you can apply each principle as a student of
research.
Ethical Principles Use for Student Researchers
Honesty
Objectivity
Prudence
Responsible publication
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Quick Check
This is the step in which the researcher
must do keen observation of his or her
surroundings to find possible subject areas
to study.
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Quick Check
This the step that involves the process of
drafting detailed procedures for data
collection and analysis.
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Quick Check
Evaluate which research ethics principle can
be applied in this scenario:
The researcher tried to fabricate data
for his or her research.
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Wrap Up
Research process refers to the
overall steps needed to
accomplish the entire research
according to the principles of the
scientific method.
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Wrap Up
Research ethics refers to all the
practices being followed by the
researcher in order to make sure that all
steps of the research process will be
done with high integrity and followed
the set standards by the community of
researchers all over the world.
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Wrap Up
The Research
Process
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Bibliography
Ackoff, Russell L. Scientific Method. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1962.
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches. 3rd edition. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.
Hillway, Tyrus. Introduction to Research. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1964.
Kothari, Crisan R. Quantitative Techniques. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., 1984.
Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-
Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York:
The Guilford Press, 2017.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches, 7th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.
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