Industrial Safety
Management & Personal
Protective Measures
SREEJITH S/ SNMIMT
Module II (Personal protection
in work environment)
• Personal protection in the work environment, Types
of PPEs, Personal protective equipment-respiratory
and non-respiratory equipment. Standards related
to PPEs. Monitoring Safety Performance: Frequency
rate, severity rate, incidence rate, activity rate.
Housekeeping: Responsibility of management and
employees. Advantages of good housekeeping. 5 s
of housekeeping. Work permit system- objectives,
hot work and cold work permits. Typical industrial
models and methodology. Entry into confined
spaces.
Introduction
• Importance of safety in industrial environments
• Objectives: PPE, work permits, housekeeping,
safety performance
Personal Protection in the
Work Environment
• Definition of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Purpose: To minimize exposure to hazards
• PPE is the last line of defense after
engineering/administrative controls
Types of PPE
• Respiratory PPE: Disposable masks, respirators,
SCBA(Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus), PAPRs
(Powered Air-Purifying Respirators)
• Non-respiratory PPE: Head, eye, ear, hand, body,
foot, and fall protection
PPE Standards
• IS (Indian Standards) – e.g., IS 2925 for helmets
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute) – e.g.,
ANSI Z87.1 for eye protection
• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) – Regulatory body for PPE in the US
• EN Standards (European Norms) – e.g., PPE
Regulation (EU) 2016/425
Monitoring Safety
Performance
• Purpose: Evaluate and improve safety effectiveness
• Use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Safety Performance
Indicators
• Frequency Rate = (No. of injuries / Total hours
worked) × 1,000,000
• Severity Rate = (Lost workdays / Total hours
worked) × 1,000,000
• Incidence Rate = (No. of cases / No. of employees)
× 100
• Activity Rate = Reflects participation in safety
programs
Housekeeping in the
Workplace
• Definition: Regular cleaning and organizing of
workplace
• Responsibility of both management and employees
Advantages of Good
Housekeeping
• Reduces accidents and fire hazards
• Improves morale and productivity
• Ensures compliance and easy access during
emergencies
5S of Housekeeping
• Seiri (Sort) – Eliminate unnecessary items
• Seiton (Set in order) – Organize essentials
• Seiso (Shine) – Clean the workspace
• Seiketsu (Standardize) – Uniform practices
• Shitsuke (Sustain) – Discipline and habit
Work Permit System –
Overview
• Formal written system to control hazardous work
• Objective: Identify and mitigate risks before starting
Types of Work Permits
• Hot Work Permit – Involves flame or heat (e.g.,
welding, cutting)
• Cold Work Permit – Non-thermal tasks (e.g.,
maintenance, cleaning)
Typical Industrial
Methodology
• Risk assessment before issuing permits
• LOTO (Lockout/Tagout) – Energy isolation
• Lockout – Physically locking a machine’s energy-isolating
device (like a switch or valve) to prevent it from being turned
on.
• Tagout – Attaching a warning tag to indicate that the
equipment should not be operated until the tag is removed
by the authorized person.
• Purpose of LOTO: To prevent accidental startup while
maintenance or repair work is being done.
• Supervision and monitoring during task
• Permit closure after job completion
Confined Space Entry
• Confined spaces: Limited access, not for continuous
occupancy
• Examples: Tanks, silos, pipelines
Precautions for Confined
Space Entry
• Conduct hazard assessment and gas testing
• Ensure ventilation and standby rescue personnel
• Use SCBA or airline respirators if needed
• Follow permit-based entry only
Consequences of Non-
Compliance
• Risks: Asphyxiation, toxic exposure, entrapment
• Many fatalities occur during rescue attempts
• Importance of trained personnel and proper
planning
Conclusion
• PPE and safety systems are critical for safety and
productivity
• Effective systems reduce injuries and improve
workplace morale
• Emphasis on training, supervision, and adherence
to protocols
Q&A
• Questions and Discussions