0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views40 pages

Networking Concepts at Anup Joshi-Ruia College

Uploaded by

Madhukar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views40 pages

Networking Concepts at Anup Joshi-Ruia College

Uploaded by

Madhukar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Networking

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


What is a Network ?

A set of communicating devices connected

by some medium to exchange meaningful

information.

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Advantages
• Sharing of resources

• High reliability

• Save money

• Provides a powerful communication medium


among widely separated people

• Work can be distributed among several


computing devices.
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Overview
• Communication involves transfer of

information from a sender to a receiver.

• Data Communication refers to exchange of

digital information between two digital

devices.
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Contd...

• Data transmission is physical movement of

information.

• Data communication refers to meaningful

exchange of information between the

communicating entities.
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Data Communication Model
Components

Source System Destination System

Source Receiver

Transmission
System

Transmitter Destination
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Example…
Source System Destination System

Modem
Telephone
Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Modem
Types of Network

•Private Network

•Public Network

•Broadcast Network

•Switched Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Line Configuration

• Line configuration refers to the way two or

more devices are connected to a link.

• Point-to-Point and Multipoint

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Line Configuration [ Point-to-Point ]

Link

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Line Configuration [ Multipoint ]

Link
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Network
Topologies
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Type of Topology

• MESH
• STAR
• TREE
• BUS
• RING
• HYBRID
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
MESH TOPOLOGY

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


STAR TOPOLOGY

HUB

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


TREE Topology

HUB

HUB
HUB

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


BUS Topology

Drop Line Drop Line Drop Line

TAP

Backbone Cable
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
RING Topology

EN
TO K
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Different Networks

Local Area Network

Metropolitan Area Network

Wide Area Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Local Area Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Local Area Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Metropolitan Area Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Wide Area Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


A bigger Network

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Prerequisites
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Types of Signal

Analog: Continuous
Can have an infinite number of
values in a range

Digital : Discrete
Can have only limited number
of values
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
• Periodic Signal
Completes a pattern within a period and
repeats that pattern over identical subsequent
periods.
[ Consists of a continuously repeated pattern ]

• Aperiodic Signal
Changes constantly without exhibiting any
pattern over time.
[ Aperiodic signal
Anuphas repetitive pattern ]
noCollege
Joshi-Ruia
Characteristics of Analog Signals
• Amplitude : (a)
The height of the signal.
Measured in volts, amperes, or watts

• Period : ( T )
Amount of time a signal needs to complete a
cycle.
Measured in seconds

• Frequency : ( f )
Number of cycles per second
( Rate of change wrt time)
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Measured in Hertz ( Hz )
Characteristics of Analog Signals

• Frequency = 1 / Period

• Phase : ( P )
It describes the position of the
waveform relative to time zero.

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Phases

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Frequency Spectrum & Bandwidth

• Frequency Spectrum :
It is a collection of all the component
frequencies it contains.

• Bandwidth :
It is a width of the frequency spectrum.

Bandwidth = high freq – low freq


Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Bit Interval & Bit Rate
• Most of the digital signals are aperiodic, therefore
frequency and period are not applicable.
• Bit interval : The time required to send a single
bit.
• Bit rate : The number of bits sent /sec.

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Encoding
And
Modulation
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Encoding

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


D-to-A Encoding

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Analog to Digital Encoding

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Analog to Analog Modulation

Anup Joshi-Ruia College


Transmission
Media
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Transmission Media

Magnetic Tape Drum Floppy

Twisted Coaxial Optical


Guided Pair Cable Fiber

Unguided Radio Micro Infrared


Waves Waves Waves
Anup Joshi-Ruia College
Thank
You
Anup Joshi-Ruia College

You might also like