Unit-1: Introduction to
Computer
☆ Topic : Block Diagram Of
Computer System
Computer : A Computer is a Fast-Electric
Device that accepts information , store-it ,
Processes it & Produces Result
(or)
The Term Computer can be called as an electric
data processing device which has capability of
receiving input & generating output , with high
speed & Accuracy .
Data refers to Raw Information
( That which cannot make any sense )
That includes Number , Letters , Symbols , Images and
Sounds that entered into a computer for Processing .
Information : It is the Collection of data in
organized way that convey a meaning
( That which make any sense )
Example : Apple , Car , Clock , etc…
Characteristics , Nature , Properties , Dimensions , etc…
Central Processing Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic &
Logical Unit
Input Unit Main Memory Output Unit
Data Auxiliary
Information
Storage
Memory Unit
Block Diagram Of Computer
Input Unit : It is a Device which takes input from the
user and transport the raw information (Data) to data
processing System .
Output Unit : An Output Unit is a device which is carried
out to show the result that is commanded the computer
to perform .
CPU : Central Processing Unit is also called as the brain
of computer because it directly controls the entire
computer system and perform all arithmetic & Logical
Operations .
Control Unit : It gives commands to transfer data from
Input device to the memory and to the ALU and it also
transfer the result from ALU to the Memory and onto
the output devices , It stores the program in the
memory takes instruction one-by-one understand
them & issue appropriate commands to other unit .
Arithmetic & Logical Unit (ALU) : It Carries all
Arithmetic Operations Like Addition (+) , Subtraction
(-) , Multiplication (*) & Division (/) and also carries
logical Operators like AND , OR , NOT , NOR ,etc…
Memory : It is a storage part in the computer , It is used to store the data,
information, Programs during processing in computer .
There are Two Types of Memories :-
1. Auxiliary Memory (or) Primary Memory (or) Volatile Memory :- It is
the internal Memory of the Computer . It holds the data and Instruction on which
computer is currently Working . If power goes-off , data will be not Saved .
• Example :- RAM ( Random Access Memory ) :-
• In RAM , we can access Reading (or) Writing Operations .
2. Main Memory (or) Secondary Memory (or) Non-Volatile Memory :-
It is the External Memory (or) Permanent Memory . If power goes-off , data will be
secured Permanent .
• Example :- ROM ( Read Only Memory ) :- ROM is used for only reading purpose .
Examples for Memories :
RAM HDD
Primary Memory Secondary Memory
(Volatile) (Volatile)
Topic Covered :
1. Introduction to Computer ,
2. Difference Between Data & Information ,
3. Input Devices & Output Devices ,
4. CPU , Control Unit , ALU Unit , Memory Unit ,
5. Block Diagram of a Computer System .
~ Mohammed Faizan
Khan
THANK YOU