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BCI
BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE

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 MEET OUR TEAM
BCI

SIDDHI HARSHA VISHAKHA B H AV YA

A G R AWA L R AT H I R A G H U WA N S H I R AY
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 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS BCI
WORKING OF BCI
BCI TYPES
BCI

BLUE BRAIN
BLUE EYE TECHNOLOGY
BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY
BRAINPORT VISION DEVICE
ANIMAL BCI
BCI APPLICATION
BCI CHALLENGES
LEADING BCI COMPANIES
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE
CONCLUSION
RECOMENDATIONS
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 INTRODUCTION
BCI

“A Brain-Computer Interface is a
communication system that does not
depend on peripheral nerves and muscles”.
The 100 billion neurons communicate via
minute electrochemical impulses, shifting
patterns sparking like fireflies on a summer
evening, that produce movement,
expression, and words. Mental activity leads
to changes in eletrophysiological signals.

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 WHAT IS BCI
BCI

The reason a BCI works at all is because of

the way our brains function. Our brains are
filled with neurons, individual nerve cells
connected to one another by dendrites and
axons. Every time we think, move, feel or
remember something, our neurons are at
work. That work is carried out by small

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electric signals that zip from neuron to
neuron as fast as 250 mph. The signals are
 WORKING 0F BCI
BCI

One of the biggest challenges facing brain-

computer interface researchers today is the
basic mechanics of the interface itself. The
easiest and least invasive method is a set of
electrodes, a device known as an
electroencephalograph (EEG) attached to
the scalp. The electrodes can read brain
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signals. However, the skull blocks a lot of

 IN VAS I VE BC IS
Invasive BCI research has targeted
repairing damaged sight and providing
new functionality to paralyzed people.
Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into
the gray matter of the brain
during neurosurgery
BCI

PA RT IA L LY I N VA S I VE BC IS
Partially invasive BCI devices are
implanted inside the skull but rest out side
the brain rather than within the gray
matter. They produce better resolution
signals than non-invasive BCIs where the
bone tissue of the cranium deflects and
deforms signals and have a lower risk of
forming scar tissue in the brain than
Nfully
ONinvasive
- IN VAS I VE BC IS
TYPES OF
BCIS.

The easiest and least invasive method is a

set of electrodes, this device known as an

BCI electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached

to the scalp. The electrodes can read brain
signals. Regardless of the location of the
8 electrodes, the basic mechanism is the
same: The electrodes measure minute
differences in the voltage between
neurons. The signal is then
 BLUE BRAIN
BCI

Today scientists are carrying out research to

create an artificial brain that can think,
respond, take decisions, and store
information. The main aim is to upload a
human brain into the computer, so that it
can think, and make decisions without the
presence of a human body. After death, this
virtual brain can act as an original person.
So, even after the death of a person, we will
not lose the knowledge, intelligence,
9 emotions, and memories of a person and
this can be used for various situations like
continuing the pending work, deciding on
 BLUE EYE
TECHNOLOGY
BCI

The name Blue Eyes Technology is derived

from the concept of using sensors that are
similar to the human eye, which can detect
and analyze the environment around them.
The technology is based on a combination of
software, hardware, and artificial intelligence
algorithms that work together to create an
intelligent system that can understand
human emotions and behavior.
As humans, we rely on non-verbal cues and
body language to communicate our
10 thoughts and feelings, which are often
difficult to convey through text or voice
alone. Blue Eyes Technology aims to bridge
 BLUE EYE
TECHNOLOGY
BCI

BLUE EYES SYSTEM CONSISTS OF

A MOBILE MEASURING DEVICE
CALLED DATA ACQUISITION UNIT
(DAU) AND A CENTRAL
ANALYTICAL SYSTEM CALLED
CENTRAL SYSTEM UNIT (CSU)
INTERCONNECTED BY
BLUETOOTH. DAU COLLECTS
INFORMATION FROM THE SENSOR
11 AND SENDS IT OVER BLUETOOTH
AND DELIVERS THE MESSAGES
 BRAIN-GATE
TECHNOLOGY
BCI

The development of the braingate system brain-

computer interface is to enable those with severe
paralysis and other neurological conditions to live more
productively and independently. The computer chip,
which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity
in the patient and converts the intention of the user into
computer commands.

Currently, the chip uses about 100 hair-thin electrodes

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that sense the electro-magnetic signature of neurons
firing in specific areas of the brain. The activity is
 BRAIN-GATE
TECHNOLOGY
BCI

THE BASIC ELEMENT OF

BRAINGATE ARE:

THE CHIP

THE CONNECTOR

THE CONVERTER

THE COMPUTER

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 BRAINPORT
VISION DEVICE
BCI

A Vision has been developed by scientists. This device is

known as the BrainPort vision device or the electric
lollipop. Pictures of the objects are captured using a tiny
external camera and then images are converted into a
pattern of electronic impulses and sent to the electrode
array placed atop the tongue. The impulses are then
sent to the different sensory centers of the brain for
interpretation through an electrode array placed on the
14 tongue. This works in a similar fashion, like
tasting a toffee.
 BRAINPORT
VISION
DEVICE
BCI

• CAMERA ON THE FOREHEAD

CAPTURES THE IMAGE OF TEST
SYMBOL.

• VIDEO OUTPUT IS SENT TO A

PROCESSOR.

• PROCESSOR TRANSLATES THE

OUTPUT FROM THE CAMERA INTO A
PATTERN OF ELECTRONIC PULSES
THAT ARE SENT TO AN ARRAY OF
ELECTRODES HELD AGAINST THE
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TONGUE.

• ARRAY OF ELECTRODES A LITTLE

 ANIMAL BCI
BCI

Animal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIS)

hold the potential to revolutionize
communication and understanding between
humans and animals. This emerging field
aims to establish a direct neurological
connection between animals and external
devices, paving the way for unprecedented
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insights and interactions. Animal BCIs have

 BCI APPLICATION
BCI

 Bioengineering
applications
 Neuroscience research
 Man–Machine Interaction
 Military Applications
 Mental state monitoring
 Controlling robotic arm
 Motor functions
 Counter-terrorism
17  And many more......
 BCI
CHALLENGES
BCI

Although we already understand the basic

principles behind BCIs, they don't work perfectly.
There are several reasons for this.
The brain is incredibly complex. To say that all
thoughts or actions are the result of simple
electric signals in the brain is a gross
understatement. There are about 100 billion
neurons in the human brain [source: Greenfield].
Each neuron is constantly sending and receiving
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signals through a complex web of connections.
There are chemical processes involved as well,
 LEADING BCI COMPANIES
BCI

N E U RA L I N K N E U RA BL E KERNEL NEXTMIND EMOTIVE

OWNER: Elon CEO: Ramses CEO: Bryan CEO: Sid CEO: Brian
Musk Alcaide Johnson Kouider Zatulove

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 ADVANTAGE AND
DISADVANTAGE
BCI

ADVAN TAGE S D I S A DVA N TAGE S

o Allow paralyzed people to
o The current technology is
control prosthetic limbs with
their mind. crude.

o Transmit visual images to the o Ethical issues may prevent its

mind of a blind person, development.
allowing them to see.
o Electrodes outside of the skull
o transmit auditory data to the can detect very few electric
mind of a deaf person, signals from the brain.
allowing them to hear
o Electrodes placed inside the
20 o Allow gamers to control video skull create scar tissue in the
games with their minds. brain.
 CONCLUSION
The ability of computers to enhance and
BCI

augment both mental and physical abilities

and potential is no longer the exclusive realm
of science fiction writers. It is becoming a
reality. Brain-computer interface technology
will help define the potential of the human
race. It holds the promise of bringing sight to
the blind, hearing to the deaf, and the return
of normal functionality to the physically
impaired. A miracle? Hardly. But perhaps the
next closest thing.

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 RECOMMENDATION
SIXTO ORTIZ JR., "BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES: WHERE HUMAN
AND MACHINE MEET," COMPUTER, VOL. 40, NO. 1, PP. 17-21, JAN.,
2007

F. BABILONI, A. CICHOCKI, AND S. GAO, EDS., SPECIAL ISSUE,

"BRAIN- COMPUTER INTERFACES: TOWARDS PRACTICAL
IMPLEMENTATIONS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS,"
COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE, 2007

P. SAJDA, K-R. MUELLER, AND K.V. SHENOY, EDS., SPECIAL ISSUE,

"BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES," IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING
MAGAZINE, JAN. 2008

THE MIT PRESS - "TOWARD BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACING”

BCI

“THE SCIENCE OF
TODAY IS THE
TECHNOLOGY OF
TOMORROW.”

23 E D WAR D T E L L E R
THANK YOU