TYPES OF
VARIABLE
1. NUMERIC VARIABLE
A variable that
answers the question
“how many” or “how
much.” It represents
variables with values
that describe a
numerical quantity.
Numeric variables are
classified as
TYPES OF
NUMERIC
VARIABLE
1.1. CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
Also known as an
interval variable.
Data is infinite. It can
assume any value
between a certain set
of real numbers.
Examples of the
continuous variable are
time, age, weight, and
height.
1.2. DISCRETE VARIABLE
Data can be counted in
a finite manner. These
variables assume any whole
number within the limits of a
given variable.
Examples: The number
of the registered car in
Navotas City, the population
of grade 12 students, the
number of Covid19 survivors,
and the total population of
Activity: Identify Continuous and Discrete Variables
[Link] number of students in a classroom.
[Link] height of students in a classroom.
[Link] number of cars in a parking lot.
[Link] amount of water in a glass.
[Link] number of books on a shelf.
[Link] temperature in a room throughout the day.
[Link] number of pages in a book.
[Link] time it takes to run a marathon.
[Link] number of siblings a person has.
[Link] distance you travel to get to work.
2. CATEGORICAL VARIABLE
From the root
word, “category”
categorical variables
are variables with
values that describe
the quality or
characteristics of a
given data. It
KINDS OF
CATEGORICAL
VARIABLE
2.1. ORDINAL VARIABLE
Variables with the
value which can be
logically arranged,
ranked, or ordered.
Examples: Academic
grades – with honors, with
high honors, with the
highest honors Clothing
size – extra small (xs),
2.2. NOMINAL VARIABLE
Variables with the
value which cannot
be logically arranged,
ranked, or ordered.
Examples:
Religion, Colors,
Languages, Subjects
2.3. DICHOTOMOUS
Variables that
represent only two
categories.
Example: Sex –
Male and Female;
Veracity – True or
False
2.4. POLYCHOTOMOUS
Variables that have
many categories
Examples: Level of
Performance – good,
very good, poor,
satisfactory Colors –
red, pink, blue, green
VARIABLES
Variables can be classified as
❑Numeric,
❑Categorical,
❑Experimental, and
❑Non-Experimental.
3. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE
An experimental
variable has three types,
independent, dependent,
and extraneous.
Experimental variables
describe the factors that
differ between the sample
being tested and the
sample being controlled.
KINDS OF
EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLE
3.1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Variable that the
researcher manipulates in an
experiment or research. The
independent variable is the
variable that is different
between the groups
compared.
Example: A study on
learning styles of Grade 12
students at Navotas City and
its effect on their Academic
3.2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
These are the variables
affected by the manipulation
of the independent variable.
It is sometimes called the
predicted variable.
Example: A study on
learning styles of Grade 12
students at Navotas City and
its effect on their Academic
Performance.
3.3. EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE
Also known as
Intervening Variable. These
are variables that the
researcher does not include
in the study but are present
in the environment where the
research is to be conducted
and may affect or influence
the conduct of the study.
Example: A study on
learning styles of Grade 12
students at Navotas City and
4. NON-EXPERIMENTAL
Type of research that
does not involve the
manipulation of control or
independent variable. In
non-experimental
research, researchers
measure variables as they
naturally occur without any
further manipulation.
KINDS OF NON-
EXPERIMENTAL
VARIABLE
4.1. PREDICTOR VARIABLE
A variable that changes
the other variable in non-
experimental research.
Similar to the independent
variable in experimental
research.
Example: Conduct of
Career Orientation Program
and Choice of Senior High
School Specialization among
4.2. CRITERION VARIABLE
Variable that may be
influenced or changed by the
predictor variable. Similar to
dependent variable in
experimental research.
Example: Conduct of
Career Orientation Program
and Choice of Senior High
School Specialization among
Grade 10 students.