Basic Course

U-Soft Computer Education Center

 Course Content
Fundamental of Computer
History of Computer
History of Computer in Nepal
Feature of Computer
Parts of Computer

Microsoft Office Word XP 2003

 File Menu
 Edit Menu
 View Menu
 Insert Menu
 Format menu
 Tools menu
 Table menu

Shortcut Keys of Commands

 Course Content
Microsoft Office Excel XP 2003
Simple Formula
 File Menu
 Edit Menu
 View Menu
 Insert Menu
 Format menu
 Tools menu
 Data menu

Vlookup (Vertical Lookup)

Microsoft PowerPoint XP 2003

 Edit Menu
 View Menu
 Insert Menu
 Format menu
 Slide Show Menu

MS Dos
 Fundamental of Computer
What is Computer?
The word computer is derived from the Latin word " Computar" which
means to calculate. A Computer is an electronic data processing
device, which can perform any kind of arithmetic and logical operations
all under the control of set of instructions called program. Computer is an
electronic device, which can read, write and gives the valuable result
after processing the raw data.
So, a Computer is an electronic machine that helps us to solve the
problem.

History of Computer
1. Abacus
In early days, people used pebbles or beads on a counting board to carry out
simple calculating. This tool is called abacus. This device is used to do add and subtraction.
2. Napier's bone
John Napier invented a device in 1614 Called Logarithm to do quick multiplication
and division. The device is more popular with the name of Napier's Bone.
3. Slide Rules
In 1620, Slide rule was developed by William Oughtred, UK which is an analog
device.
4. Pascaline
The first real calculating machine that could add and subtract was a mechanical
calculator called Pascal's adding machine or Pascaline invented by a French
scientist Blaise Pascal in 1642. The calculating machine could perform add and
subtraction up to 8 digits.
5. Leibniz's Calculator
The first calculator that could perform automatic addition, subtraction as well as
multiplication and division was developed by a German Philosopher Gottfried
Wilhelm von Leibniz.
6. Babbage's Analytical Engine
In 1812, another interesting development took place in the history of computers.
Charles Babbage, an English Mathematicians invented the differential Engine.
Babbage still wanted to design a bigger machine, called Analytical Engine. The
idea of an Analytical Engine developed in 1833 was considered is a most
significant step in the history of computer because of his idea only the dream of
modern
Computer has come true. That's why he is famous as a "Father of Computer".
The Analytical Machine can perform difficult calculations quickly and accurately.
His concept of Binary system is still being used in present day computer.
7. Lady Augustaign.
Babbage's idea of analytical engine didn't become reality until his death. But
Lady Augusta was successful in discovering some of the key elements of
programming .So she is known as "First `Programmer" of the world.
8. Dr. Horman Hollerith
In 1880, Dr. Horman Hollerith had developed a series of electrical machines to
perform adding and counting operation on data stored on punched card. In 1896,
he formed a company named Tabulating Machine Company. In 1923, This
Company merged with other two companies, and incorporated as CTR
(Computing Tabulating Recording). In 1924 CTR was changed in to the name of
International Business Machine (IBM). This company than and now is the most
popular and biggest business equipped company in the world.
9. Electro mechanical
In 1937, Pro. Howard Aiker built a calculation machine combining electrical and
mechanical technology with Hollerith's punched card techniques. This machine
could perform automatic calculation. This is known as Mark-I. This machine was
51 ft. long 3 ft. wide and 8 ft. height and 7 lakh 50 thousands parts and
connecting cables were nearly 500 miles long. This machine had weight of 32
tones. This machine took 1 second to do three additions and 4.5 seconds for
one multiplication.
10. Electronic computer
In 1949, J.P. Eckert and J.W. Mauchly made the very first electronical computer
named UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer). This computer was being used
in the census bureau of U.S.
 History of Computer in Nepal
Although the first electronic digital computer was built in the mid of
1940's Computer was introduced in Nepal in the year 1972 only. It was
introduced by HMG for the Census of 1972. HMG had paid Rs. One
lakh twenty five thousands per month as rent for this computer .
Feature of Computer
(A) Speed
The speed of Computer is very fast. The oldest computer is less speed than
today's latest Computer.
(B) Accuracy
The results of the computer is 100% right. Computer process our raw data and
gives the valuable result which never be false.
C) Storage Capacity
Computer has high storage capacity. All data and documents are stored in a
small device which calls "Hard Disk"
1 Character =
1024 Bytes = 1 K.B (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 M.B (Mega Byte)
1024 MB= 1 G.B (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 T.B (Terra Byte)
D) Consistency
Computer is a machine so it doesn't tired but it doesn't work when many
Programme open at once.
E) Flexibility
Computer has highly flexibility so many Programmer are add and remove from
it.
Parts of Computer
A) Monitor
Monitor is the display device which connected with the CPU. It is also called
visual display unit (VDU)
It displays the result which input from the keyboard and mouse so that it is
called output device.
B) Key board
Key board is a main input device. Key board gives the data to the computer for
processing. In the latest normal keyboard have about 108 keys.
C) Mouse
Mouse is also input Device. In the simple mouse has 3 buttons. In the
previous time computers are used only key boards with out mouse. Now a
days we can also used computer with out mouse beside drawing.
D) CPU Box
The Full form of CPU is Central Processing Unit. It is the body of the
computer. It is called also casing. The CPU performs all the functions of
processing, interpretation before the shows from monitor and after input the
data from input device.
E) CD Rom Device
It is used for reading the data from CD and shows to the screen. It is mostly
used to record the programme and also heard the song and also to see the
film. The Full form of ROM is Read only memory.
F) CD
CD is called Compact Disk. CD store more than 600-700 mb quantity of data.
CD may be programmes CD, films CD, Songs CD.
G) Floppy Drive
Floppy Drive is set in the CPU box. Where we can put the floppy Disk. We can
use 3½ Floppy Disk in floppy drive.
H) Hard Disk
Hard disk is a data storage device where we can store so many bigger sizes of
data permanently.
The capacity of hard disk may be 10gb, 20gb, 30gb, 40gb etc.
I) Sound box
Sound box is a speaker which is in under the CPU box from where the sound
was display.
K) Printer
Printer is that kind of device which prints our document which we want to print. It
is also an output device.
The Mainly used printers are:
1) Dot Matrix
2) Ink jet printer
3) Laser Beam Printer
4) Bubble jet printer

L) Scanner
It is an input device from which pictures, photos send to the computer and which
we can store in our hard disk.
Microsoft Office Word XP 2003

Microsoft Word XP 2003 is advanced Program. A Microsoft word

XP 2003 is a word processing Program which belongs to
Microsoft Office XP 2003. It allows creating documents with
applying various word processing facilities such as typing,
editing, formatting, and also printing. Out of these it also
provides much more extra ordinary facilities rather than other
word processing Program. Thus it has become a most popular
and powerful word processing package at present.
To Open Microsoft word
1st Method
 Click on Start
 All Programs
 Microsoft office
 Click on "Microsoft Office Word"
2nd Method
 Click on Start > Run
 Type - “Winword” in the Run box.
 Click on ok or Press Enter Key.

Screen Elements of Word Program

1. Title Bar
2. Menu Bar
3. Different Tool bars
4. Task Pane
5. Horizontal & Vertical Ruler
6. Horizontal & Vertical Scroll bar
7. Status Bar
File Menu
1. New (Ctrl+N)
The New command opens a new blank document.
 Click on File>New
 A Task Pane appears in right side of document.
 Click on "Blank document" Option.
2. Open (Ctrl+O)
The Open command opens an existing document file which had saved before.
 Click on File> Open
 Choose the location of saved file from "look in" box.
 Choose the required file you want to open.
 Click on "Open"
3. Save (Ctrl+S)
The save command lets you save the active file. We always use save after some changes in the
document.
 Click on File>Save
 Displays a Save as dialog box.
 Select Drive or folder name from the "Look in" box, if you want to save in different drive or
folder.
 Type the name for the document.
 Click on "Save" button
4. Save as (F12)
The save as command saves the active saved file with a different file name and location.
 Click on File> Save As
 Choose the location where you want to save.
 Type the required file name
 Click on "Save" button.
5. Close (Ctrl+W)
The Close command closes active document with out existing Program.
 Click on File>Close
8. Page Setup
The page Setup command allows setting up margins, paper size, orientation and other layout
option of Paper for the active file.
 Click on File>Page Setup
 Specify the margins of paper in Left, right, top and bottom.
 Choose the Orientation of Paper. (Portrait or Landscape)
 Click on "Paper" Tab
 Choose the paper size like A4
 Click on Ok
9. Print Preview
The Print Preview command shows how a document will look when you print it.
 Click on File>Print Preview
10. Print (Ctrl+P)
The Print command helps to print our document or selected items in paper by using the printer.
 Click on File> Print
 Choose the "Printer's Name"
 Specify the "Page range" which you want to print.
 Click on "Properties" Button
 Choose the Paper size and Orientation of the paper.
 Click on Ok.
13. Exit (Alt+F4)
The Exit command closes the Program
 Click on File>Exit
Edit Menu
1. Undo (Ctrl+Z)
This command reverses the last action or command you performed.
 Click on Edit>Undo
2. Repeat (Ctrl+Y)
The Repeat command repeats your last command or action. The Redo Command reverses
the action of Undo Command.
 Click on Edit>Repeat
[Link] (Ctrl+X)
The Cut command removes the selected text or object and places it on the clipboard.
 Select the required part of the text which you want to cut.
 Click on Edit>Cut
4. Copy (Ctrl+C)
The Copy command copies the selected object or text to the clipboard.
 Select the required text or object you want to Copy.
 Click on Edit>Copy
5. Paste (Ctrl+V)
The paste command pastes the text or objects of clipboard.
 Cut or copy the any text or objects.
 Click on Edit> Paste
8. Clear
a) Format
The Format command clears or removes only the formatting from your selections, the content
and comments are not changed.
 Select the texts and format it as you wish.
 Click on Edit>Clear>Format
b) Content
The Content command deletes the selected text and graphics. If no text selected then the
character before the insertion point is deleted.
 Select the text or object you want to delete.
 Click on Edit>Clear>Content
9. Select All (Ctrl+A)
The Select all command selects all the text and objects of the current document.
 Click on Edit>Select All
10. Find (Ctrl+F)
The Find command searches for the specified text in the active document.
Click on Edit>Find
 Displays a Find and Replace dialog box.
 Type the text in "Find what" box which you want to search.
 Click on "Find next".
11. Replace (Ctrl+H)
The Replace command searches for specified text and replaces with another text and
formatting in the active document.
 Click on Edit>Replace
 Type the text in "Find what" box which you want to search.
 Type the replacing text in "Replace with" box.
 Click on "Replace" or "Replace All"
12. Go to (Ctrl+G)
The Go To command moves the insertion point to the item you want to go where. You can
move to a page number, comment, footnote, bookmark or other location.
 Click on Edit>Go To
 Choose the option where you want to go.
 Enter the page number in the Text box.
 Click on Go To
View Menu
1. Normal:
Choose this command to normal view, which is the default document view for most word
processing task such as typing, editing.
2. Web Layout
Choose the web layout view to display your document as it will appear in a web browser.
 Click on View>Web layout
3. Print Layout
Choose the print layout view, which is an editing view that displays your document as it will
print. Print Layout view used to formatting, editing the document and especially if your
document contain many pictures or formatting.
 Click on View>Print Layout
4. Task Pane
Displays the Task pane on area where you can create new files, search for information;
view the contents of the clipboard.
 Click on View>Task Pane
5. Toolbar
This command is used to display or hide the required toolbar.
 Click on View>Toolbar
Some Required Toolbars are:
Standard, Formatting, Table & Border, Drawing, Picture, Word Art Toolbar etc.
6. Ruler
This command displays or hides the horizontal and vertical ruler.
 Click on View> Ruler
8) Header and Footer
Add or change the text that appears at the top or button of every page number.
 Click on View > header and footer.
 Display a header and footer's tool menu.
 Click on insert page number command.
 Click on Close.
(Note: - If you want to set nepali page number in a document you must set font in Himalaya TT
or Fontasy Himali )
12) Full screen.
Hides most screen elements so that you can view your document as full screen.
 click on view>full screen.
13) Zoom.
Controls how large or small the current document appears on the screen.
 Click on View>Zoom
 Display the Zoom's properties box
 Set required zooms percents.
 Click on ok.
Insert Menu
1) Break
This command inserts page break, column or section break at the insertion point.
 Click on Insert>Break
 Select the required option like "Page break"
 Then click on Ok
2) Page Number
This command inserts page numbers that automatically update when you add or delete pages.
 Click on Insert >Page Number
 Select the required position and alignment of page number.
 Click on Ok
3) Date and Time
This command inserts date and time in the document.
 Click on Insert> Date and Time
 Select required format of date or time
 Click on Ok
4) Auto text.
This command creates or inserts an Auto text entry. We can entry those kinds of word
which will be used many more time.
 Click on Insert> Auto Text>Auto Text
 Type the text you want to add in auto text list
Click on Add
 When you type first four letter of word that will be automatically inserts in your document.
5) Symbol
The Symbol command inserts symbol and special character from the selected fonts.
 Click on Insert>Symbol
 Select the font name from which you want to insert symbol or special characters.
 Select the required symbol then click on Insert
To create short cut key of Symbol
 Select the symbol you want to create short cut key.
 Click on "Shortcut key" button of Symbol dialog box.
 Press a key with Ctrl or Alt
 Click on "Assign“
6) Comments
This command inserts the comment at the insertion point.
 Select the word where you want to insert comment.
Click on Insert>Comment
7) Reference
a) Footnote
This command inserts a footnote or endnote into the active document.
 Place the cursor in the word
 Click on Insert>Reference>Footnote
 Select the required options
 Click on Insert
b) Caption
This command inserts captions for tables, figures, equations.
 Select the picture
 Click on Insert>Reference> Caption
 Select the required label or create new label
 Click on Insert
8) Picture
a) Clipart
Opens the clipart galleries where you can select the clipart image you want to insert.
b) From File
Insert an existing picture in the active file in the insertion point.
c) Organization Chart
Insert an organization chart object into your document.
d) New Drawing
Creates a new drawing canvas in which you can insert and arrange drawing objects and
picture.
e) Auto Shapes
Displays the auto shapes categories which you can insert in your document by drawing.
f) Word Art
Create 3d text in your document.
9) Diagram
Creates on organization chart or a cycle, radial, pyramid, Venn or target diagram in your
document
10) Text box.
Draw a text box with horizontal text direction where you click and drag.
11) File.
Insert the entire file you select, in to the active file at the insertion point.
- Place the cursor from where you want to place the file.
- Click on Insert>File
- Select the required document file
- Click on Insert.
13) Object
Insert an object such as drawing or an equation at insertion point.
- Click on Insert>Object
- Select the "Create New" tab to insert the new object from the selected Program or Select the
"Create from file" tab to insert the existing file.
- Click on Ok
14) Bookmark.
Creates bookmark, which you can use to mark selected text graphics, table items.
- Select the text or graphics
- Click on Insert>Bookmark
- Type the Bookmark name of the selected text or graphics.
- Click on Add
15) Hyperlink
Insert a new hyperlink or edits the selected hyperlink.
- Select the text or object
- Click on Insert>Hyperlink
- Select the required file you want to link
- Click on Ok
- Then, click on the text holding Ctrl key to open a linked file.
Format Menu
1. Font
This command is used to set the font's name, size, style, effects etc. for our current document.
 Click on Format>Fonts
 Choose the Font's name size, style, effects etc.
 Click on "Default" to default our current setting.
 Click on Ok
2. Paragraph
This command is used to set the paragraph setting like paragraph alignment, indentation,
paragraph spacing, line spacing etc.
 Click on Format>Paragraph
 Choose the alignment for the paragraph, Indentation, paragraph spacing, line spacing etc as
required.
 Click on Ok
3. Bullets and Numbering
This command is used to add the bullets or numbering in the paragraphs.
 Select the paragraphs
 Click on Format>Bullets
and numbering
 Click on Bullets Tab to add the bullets and click on "Numbered" Tab to add the Numbered in
the Paragraphs.
 Select any one style of bullets or number style.
 Click on "Customize" button to customize the bullets or numbered.
 Click on Ok
4. Borders and Shading
This command is used to add the page border, paragraph border and shading in the paragraph.
 Click on Format>Borders and shading.
 Click on "Borders" Tab to add the border in the paragraph
 Click on "page Border" Tab to add the border around the page.
 Choose the required style of line page border or art page border.
 Click on "Shading" tab to add the required shading color in the paragraph.
 Click on ok
5. Columns
This command is used to format the page by required columns.
 Click on Format>Columns
 Choose the required no. of columns
 Click on Ok
6. Tabs
With the help of this command we can set the tab position in required place.
Click on Format>Tabs
Displays a "Tabs" dialog box.
 Type the tab stop position.
 Choose the Tab alignment and tab leader if required.
Click on Set and Ok
7. Drop Cap
With the help of this command we can make large size of the first letter of the paragraph.
 Select the first letter of the paragraph.
 Click on Format>Drop Cap
 Choose the "Drop Cap Position", "lines to drop" etc.
 Click on Ok
 8. Text Direction
This command helps to type the word in vertically orientation.
Place a cursor in text box or table cell.
 Click on Format>Text Direction
 Choose any one text orientation.
 Click on Ok
9. Change Case
This command is used to change the case of the selected text like UPPERCASE, lower case
etc.
 Select the text.
 Click on Format>Change case
 Choose any one case as required.
 Click on Ok

10. Background
This command is used to apply the background color in the current document. This is used
only for web.
 Click on Format>Background
 Choose any one color.
11. Themes
This command helps to apply the different kinds of themes in the background of the paper.
 Click on Format>Themes
 Choose the required format of themes
 Click on Ok
12. Auto Format
The Auto Format command helps to select the required auto format options
 Click on Format>Auto Format
 Click on Option button
 Select or deselect the options as you want.
 Click on Ok
13. Style and formatting
This command is used to apply the required heading or create a new style as you want.
 Click on Format>Style and Formatting
 Displays the Style and formatting task pane appear
 Select the required word in which you want to apply the heading style.
 Click on required heading style you want to apply.
 Click on "New Style" to create the new style of heading.
14. Reveal Formatting
This command opens a reveal formatting task pane from where you can choose the various
format like font, paragraph, page setup etc.
 Click on Format>Reveal Formatting.
 Displays the "Reveal Formatting" task pane
 Click on Required option which you want to change the format.
Tools Menu
1. Spelling and Grammar (F7)
The Spelling and Grammar command is used to check the spelling and grammar of the
document.
 Click on Tools>Spelling and grammar
 Displays a spelling and grammar dialog box.
 If any wrong spelling and grammar in your document, that shows in red text for miss spelling
and green text for mistake grammar.
 The suggestion of wrong spelling and grammar shows in "Suggestion" box.
 Click on Change button to change with correct word.
 Click on Ignore button to ignore the current word.
 Click on "Add to Dictionary" to add the word in dictionary of computer.
 Click on Ok.
2. Language
a) Set language
This command is used to set different language in computer.
 Click on Tools>Language> Set Language
 Choose any one language you want to set.
 Click on Ok.
b) Translate
The translate command is used to change the language in another language for translate.
 Select the word you want to translate.
 Click on Tools>Language> Translate
 Select the translating language.
 Click on Go
c) Thesaurus
This command is used to see the synonyms and antonyms of the selected word.
 Select the word you want to see synonyms
 Click on Tools>Language>Thesaurus
 You can see the so many synonyms of the selected word.
3. Word Count
This command helps to count the words, character, lines, and pages of the current document.
 Type the document
 Click on Tools>Word Count
4. Auto Summarize
This command helps to summarize the long document in short document.
 Type the long document,
 Click on Tools>Auto Summarize
 Select any one option such as "Create new document and put summary there"
 Click on Ok
5. Speech
The speech command is designed for work in Program by using microphone. So from the
Speech command we can give the voice command, dictation etc.
 Click on Tools>Speech
 Displays the Speech Toolbar
7. Protect document
This command is used to protect document for not to change the document by another user.
 Click on Tools>Protect Document
 Choose any one option like “comment” or “forms”
 Type the password.
 Click on Ok
 Again give the same password then click on Ok
8. Auto Correct options
This command is used to set the auto correct options as you want.
 Click on Tools>Auto Correct Options
 Type the wrong word in replace box.
 Type the correct word in with box.
 Click on Add
 Select or remove the check marks of other options as you like.
 Click on Ok
10. Options
This command is used to set the options of different commands.
 Click on Tools>Options
 Click on "General" tab
 You can change the measurement unit of the scale.
 Click on "Security" tab to set the password to open the file.
 Click on Ok
Table Menu
1) Draw Table
This command lets you give to draw the table as required columns and rows.
 Click on Table>Draw Table
 Draw the table as you like.
2) Insert
This command is used to insert the table in required rows and columns, only insert the rows or
columns
 Click on Table>Insert>table
 Type the required no of rows or columns
 Click on Ok
To insert the columns
 Place the cursor in the required columns
 Click on table>insert>columns to right or left
3. Delete
This command is used to delete the selected table, rows, columns etc.
 Select the table, columns, or rows you want to delete.
 Click on Table>Delete
 Click on required sub command.
4. Select
This command is used to select the required table, rows, columns etc as required.
 Click on Table>Select
 Click on required sub command
5. Merge Cells
This command is used to make the selected cells in one cell.
 Select the required cells you want to merge.
 Click on Table>Merge Cells
6. Split cells
This command is used to make other cells in the required cells.
 Place the cursor in the cells where you want to insert another cells
 Click on Table>Split Cells
 Type the required no. of rows and columns
 Click on Ok
7. Table Auto Format
This command is used to apply the different format of table in our table.
 Click on Table>Table Auto format
 Choose any one table format
 Click on Ok
8. Auto Fit
This command is used to auto fit the table in the window, content of the column.
 Select the table>Auto fit
 Choose the any one sub command
9. Heading Row Repeat
This command is used to repeat the heading of the table in to every heading row of the same
table in different pages.
 Place the cursor in the heading row of the table.
 Click on Table>Heading Row Repeat
10. Convert
a) Text to table
we use this command to convert the our typing text in to the table.
 Type the text by separating tabs, or commands.
 Select the text
 Click on Table>Convert>Text to table.
 Choose the required no. of columns
 Click on Ok
b) Table to text
We use this command to convert the table in to only text.
 Select the table
 Click on Table>convert>Table to text
 Choose any one separator like tabs or commas.
 Click on Ok
11. Sort
With the help of this command we can arrange the number or text into ascending or
descending order.
 Select the column which you want to sort.
 Click on Table>Sort
 Choose ascending or descending order.
 Click on Ok
13. Hide/show Gridlines
This command is used to hide or show the gridlines of the table.
 Remove the border of the table.
 Click on Table>Hide/show gridlines
Shortcut Keys of Commands
Command Shortcut Key
 New Ctrl+N
 Open Ctrl+O
 Close Ctrl+w
 Save Ctrl+S
 Save as F12
 Print Ctrl+P
 Exit Alt+F4
 Undo Ctrl+Z
 Redo/Repeat Ctrl+Y
 Cut Ctrl+X
 Copy Ctrl+C
 Paste Ctrl+V
 Clear Content Del
 Select All Ctrl+A
 Find Ctrl+F
 Replace Ctrl+H
 Goto Ctrl+G
 Font Ctrl+D
 Increase Font size Ctrl+]
 Decrease font size Ctrl+[
 Bold Ctrl+B
 Italic Ctrl+I
 Underline Ctr l+U
 Left Align Ctrl+L
 Center align Ctrl+E
 Right align Ctrl+R
 Justify Ctrl+J
 Single Line Spacing Ctrl+1
 1.5 line spacing Ctrl+5
 Double line spacing Ctrl+2
 To move cursor end of line End
 To move cursor in front of line Home
 To move cursor first line of document Ctrl+Home
 To move cursor last line of document Ctrl+End
 To move next page Ctrl+Page Down
 To move previous page Ctrl+ Page Up
 To remove selected contents Del
 To select the text Shift+Arrow Key
 To Select the line Shift+Home/End key
 To select all text above from the cursor Ctrl+Shift+Home
 To select all text below from the cursor Ctrl+Shift+End
 Microsoft Excel XP 2003
Microsoft Excel XP 2003 is a new version of office Programme. This
programme is known as Spread sheet programme. We can use this programme to
calculation the mathematical Problem. We can use so many kinds of formula for
solve the problem.
This programme is mainly used for the organizations, business, and
school to fulfill their requirement. In the Excel programme, there are 256 columns
and 65536 rows in every sheet.

To Open Microsoft word

1st Method
 Click on Start
 All Programs
 Microsoft office
 Click on "Microsoft Office excel"
2nd Method
 Click on Start > Run
 Type - “excel” in the Run box.
 Click on ok or Press Enter Key.
Simple Formula
1) To add the cells value
 =sum(a1:a5)
2) To subtract the cell value
 =a1-b1
3) To multiply the cell value
 =a1*b1
4) To divide the cell value
=a1/b1
5) Today
Returns to the current date.
 =today ()
6) Now
Returns to the current date and time
 =now ()
7) Square Root
Returns a square root value.
 =sqrt(25)
8) Power
Returns the result of a number raised to a power.
 =power(number, power)
eg: =power(10,2)
9) Max
Returns largest value in a set of the values.
 =max(a1:a5)
10) Min
Returns smallest value in a set of the values.
 =min(a1:a5)
11) Count
Counts the number of cells that contain number.
 =count(a1:a5)
12) Average
Returns the average of the numbers
 =average(a1:a5)

File Menu
1) Print Area
a) Set print Area
This Command is used to set the print area in the sheet.
 Select the required cell which you want to set the print area.
 Click on File>Print Area> Set Print Area
b) Clear Print Area
This command is used to remove the set print area.
 Click on File>Print Area>Clear Print Area
Edit Menu
1) Paste special
The Paste special command is used to paste the vertically copied cells to horizontally and
horizontally copied cells to vertically.
 Copied the some cells
 Place the cell pointer Where you want to paste
 Click on Edit>paste special
 Select the “Transpose" option 8
 Click on ok
2) Fill
The fill command helps to fill the value of cell in other selected cells.
 Place the cell pointer in the cell which cell value you want to fill.
 Select the some cells.
 Click on Edit>Fill
 Choose any one sub menu like up, down etc.
3) Series
To fill the number with different step value by linear or growth of number.
" Select the cells
 Click on Edit>fill>series
 Choose the required option
 Type the required step value.
 Click on ok.
3) Clear
This command helps to clear the content, format or comment from the selected cells.
 Select the required cells.
 Click on Edit>Clear
 Choose any one option like Content, Format, All or Comment
4) Delete
Deletes the selected rows, columns and cells.
 Select the unrequited rows or columns.
 Click on Edit>Delete
 Choose the required option. eg: entire rows
 Click on ok.

5) Move or copy sheet

Moves or copy the required active sheet.
 Select the required sheet which you want to move or copy.
 Click on Edit > Move or copy sheet
 Select the "Move to end" to move the sheet in end of the sheet and select the "Create a
copy" to create a another copy of sheet.
6) Delete Sheet
Deletes the active sheet permanently, we can't use undo command after delete sheet.
 Select the sheet which you want to delete.
 Click on Edit>Delete sheet
 Click on 'Delete'
7) Go To
To go in required cell of the sheet.
 Click on Edit > Go to or Press Ctrl+G
 Type the cell address where you want to go
 Click on ok
View Menu
1. Normal
This command is used to view the sheet as a normal view.
 Click on View>Normal
2. Page Break Preview
This command is use to view the break of the page in a sheet.
 Click on view>page break preview
 Click on view>Normal
3. Formula Bar
This command is used to show or hide the formula bar from the window.
 Click on View>formula bar.
4. Header & Footer
The header & footer command lets you insert the header in heading of the page and footer
in bottom of the page.
 Click on View> Header & Footer
 Click on "Custom Header" to add the header and click on Custom Footer to add the footer.
Insert Menu
1. Cell
This command is used to insert the cell in required cell.
2. Rows
This command helps to insert the rows above from the cell pointer.
3. Columns
This command helps to insert the columns left of the cell pointer inserted.
 Place the cell pointer in required place.
 Click on Insert>Columns
4. Worksheet
This command helps to insert the new worksheet.
 Click on insert>worksheet
5. Chart
This command helps to present our data in to chart.
 Entry the data which you want to make a chart.
 Select the data
 Click on Insert>Chart
 Select the one kinds of chart style.
 Click on next
 Choose any one option from Rows or Columns
 Click on Next
 Type the title of the Chart
 Type the X-axis Category and Y-axis Category.
 Click on next
 Click on finish
6. Page Break
This command helps to break the page from the required cell.
 Place the cell pointer from where you want to break the page.
 Click on insert> page break
To Remove the page break
 Place the cell pointer from where you break the page
 Click on insert> Remove page break
7. Function
The Functions command helps to use the formula.
 Click on Insert>Function
 Select the any one function criteria.
 Click on ok
8. Name
a) Define
With the help of this command we can define the any required cell by giving required
name.
 Place the cell pointer in which you want to Define.
 Click on Insert>Name>Define
 Type the name for cell.
 Click on add and ok
Format Menu
1. Cells
With the helps of this command we can format cells by changing the font, Alignment,
Border, Pattern etc.
 Select the cells which you want to format.
 Click on Format> Cells
 From the "Number" Tab, Choose the number style.
 From the "Alignment" Tab, Choose the vertically and horizontally Alignment.
 From the "Font" Tab, Choose the Font Style and size.
 From the "Border" Tab, Choose the border on the cells.
 From the "Pattern" Tab, choose the color for background of cells.
 Click on ok
2) Rows
With the help of this command we can hide or unhide the rows and set the height of the
rows.
 Select some of the rows
 Click on Format>Rows
 Choose the any on required sub command.
a) Height
To set the required height of the selected Rows
b) Auto Fit
To fit the rows height according to their Font Size.
c) Hide
To hide the selected Rows
d) Unhide
To unhide or show the hidden Rows
3) Column
This command is used to hide, unhide the required column, set the width of the column
etc.
 Click on Format>Column
 Choose the any one required sub command of Column
4) Sheet
With the help of this command we can format the sheet by adding background, Changing
the name of sheet and color of sheet tab etc.
a) Rename
To change the name of the sheet
b) Hide
To hide the selected or active sheet
c) Unhide
To show or unhide the hidden sheet.
d) Background
To add the any one background picture in the sheet.
e) Tab color
To change the color of the tab sheet.
5) Auto Format
This command is used to format the selected cells .
 Select the cells which you want to format.
 Click on Format>Auto Format
 Choose any one format of the cells
 Click on ok.
6) Conditional Formatting
With the help of this command we can format the cell according to the cell's condition.
 Select the cells in which you want to apply the conditional formatting
 Click on Format> Conditional Formatting
 In condition 1, Choose the condition and type the value.
 Click on "Format" button to choose the format for that condition
 Click on "Add" button to add another condition.
 Click on ok.
7) Style
This command is use to show and modify the style of the sheet's Style.
 Click on Format>Style
 You can see the style of the sheet
 If you want to change the style, Click on "modify" button.
 Click on Ok
Tools menu
1) Check Formula
This command helps to check the cell where the formula is wrong.
 Click on Tools>check formula
 Click on "Edit in formula bar" to correction the formula.
2) Protection
a) Protect Sheet
This command protects the sheet for not to change our sheet by another user or not to add or
delete the cell value.
 Click on tools>Protection>protect sheet

 Give the password

 Click on ok
 Again give the password
 Click on ok
b) Protect Workbook
This command is used to protect the workbook for not to change about the sheet like delete, insert,
move or copy the sheet. This all command will inactive when we protect workbook.
 Click on Tools >Protection>protect workbook
 Give the password
 Click on ok
 Again give the password
 Click on ok
3) Goal Seek
This Command is used to adjust the value in a specified row or column by changing the value in the
cell where the formula is using.
 Place the cell pointer where you used the formula.
 Click on Tools>goal seek
 Specify the value in "to value" box
 Specify the changing cell address in "changing cell".
Data menu
1) Sort :-This command is used to sort the number by ascending or descending.
 Select the numbers or text which you want to sort.
 Click on Data>Sort
 Choose the anyone option for sort the data. eg: ascending
 Click on ok
2) Filter
a) Auto Filter
With the help of this command we can filter the required number from the list of the
number.
 Select the cells contain numbers
 Click on Data>Filter>Auto Filter
 A "Dropdown list box" appear in the cell
 Click on it and choose any required number which you want to filter from the list.
 Click on "Top Ten" to show the required no. of top or bottom numbers from the list.
3) Table
This command is used to create the table based in input the values of the row and column.
 Place the cell pointer where the formula inserted.
 Select the some cells
 Click on Data> Table
 Specify the row input cell and column input cells.
 Click on ok
 Type the different variable in row and column of the selected cells.
Vlookup (Vertical Lookup)
 Select the all headings of the data
 Copy it.
 Place the cell pointer where you want to paste.
 Click on Edit>Paste Special
 Put Check mark in "Transpose" option
 Click on ok
 Then copied cell paste in vertically.
 Type the formula besides in lookup heading.
 Type the formula
= Vlookup(lookup value, table array, column index number)
where,
lookup value= Specify the cell address where you can change the number.
Table array= Select the all data of the table.
Column index number= type the column number of the heading.
 Put the Dollor($) Sign between all the cell address.
 Drag the formula in required cells.
 Change the Column index number in every cell according to their own heading column
number.
 Microsoft PowerPoint XP 2003
Microsoft PowerPoint program is an electronic slide show presentation
program. With the help of this program we can design the slide and add so
many different kinds of effects and animation and presents it in the screen
through Projector.

To open the PowerPoint Program

1st Method
Click on Start>Program
Click on Microsoft Office
Click on Microsoft PowerPoint
2nd Method
Click on Start>Run
Type: powerpnt
Click on Ok
Edit Menu
1. Duplicate (Ctrl+D)
This command lets you duplicate the selected object.
 Select the object
 Click on Edit > Duplicate
2. Delete Slide
This command is used to delete the selected slide.
 Select the Slide
 Click on Edit>Delete Slide
View Menu
1. Normal
This command is used to view the slide as a normal view.
 Cli6+33ck on View>Normal
2. Slide Sorter
This command is used to view all slide in a single page and move the slide from one
place to another place if desired.
 Click on View>Slide Sorter
 If you want to move the slide from one place to another place, Drag the required slide and
drop it in required place.
3. Slide Show
This command helps to view or run the all slide as a full screen.
 Click on view>slide show
4. Notes page
This command is used to insert the some notes for the slide.
 Click on View> Notes page
 Type the note for the slide
5. Color and Grayscale
This command helps to convert the color picture in grayscale and grayscale to color
picture
 Click on View> Color and Grayscale
 Choose the required option like color, Grayscale or Pure Black and White.
6. Grid and Guides
This command is used to show the grid and guides lines to the slide.
 Click on View> Grid and Guides
 Click on "Display grid on Screen"
 Click on ok
7. Header and Footer
With the help of this command we can insert the header and footer, Slide numbers and
Date and time at once.
 Click on View> Header and Footer
 Type the footer in Footer box
 Select the "Slide number" check box to insert the slide number.
 Select the "Date and time" Check box to add the date and time and select the "update
automatically" option, then Choose any one "date and time" style
 Click on Ok.
Insert Menu

1. New Slide
The new Slide command is used to insert the new slide.
 Click on Insert>New Slide
2. Duplicate Slide
This command creates a duplicate slide of the selected slide.
 Click on Insert> Duplicate Slide.
3. Slide number
To insert the slide number in every slide.
 Click on Insert> Slide Number
 Click on "Slide Number" check box.
 Click on "Apply to all"
4. Date and time
This command inserts the date and time in slide.
 Click on Insert>Date and time
 Select the "Date and time" check box then select "update automatically" check box.
 Choose the required format of date and time.
 Click on "apply to all"
5. Slides From File
This command helps to insert the slide from another file in current file.
 Click on Insert> Slide From file
 Click on "Browse".
 Choose the required file.
 Click on "Open"
 Click on "Insert" to insert the selected slides only.
 Click on "insert all" to insert all slide of the file.
6. Movies and Sounds
With the help of this command we can insert the movies and sound in our slide.
 Click on Insert> movies and sound
 Click on "Movie from file" to insert the movie or click on "Sound from file" to insert the
sound.
 Choose any one movie or sound file
 Click on Ok
 Then it automatically play when playing slide show.
Format menu

1. Replace Font
This command helps to replace any font with another required font.
 Click on Format> Replace Font
 Choose the font name which you want to change in "replace box"
 Choose the font name by which you want to change another font.
 Click on "Replace"
2. Slide Design
With the help of this command we can format the slide design with different kinds of slide
background.
 Click on Format>Slide Design
 Right click on any one required slide design and click on "Apply to Selected Slide".
3. Slide Layout
This command is used to change the layout of the slide.
 Click on Format>Slide Layout
 A slide Layout Task Pane appears
 Click on required slide layout
4. Background
This command changes the background of the slide with color mixing or gradient, Texture,
pattern and picture.
 Click on Format>Background
 Click on Fill Effect
 Choose the required option for background
 Click on "Apply"
Slide Show Menu

1. View Show
The view show command is used to runs or show the all slide by presenting the effect of
the objects.
 Click on Slide show>View Show
2. Set up show
This command is used to set up the options of the slide presentation.
 Click on Slide Show>Set up show
 Choose the slide show type "by a full screen" or "a window."
 Choose the slide show "all" or Required Slide number.
 Click on Ok
3. Rehearse Timing
This command helps to set the timing between one effect and another effect.
 Make a slide design and add the effect in every object.
 Click on Slide Show>Rehearse Timing
 Click on the screen to bring and set the timing for the effect.
4. Action Buttons
This command is used to insert the different kinds of action buttons.
 Click on Slide Show>Action buttons
 Choose the required kinds of action buttons and drag it in slide in required size.
5. Action Setting
This command helps to set the link with the required slide, another file and sound.
 Select the action button
 Click on Slide Show>Action Setting
 Choose the required option to link with the button from "hyperlink to" box.
 Click on "Play Sound " to play the required sound
 Select the required sound.
 Click on Ok
6. Animation Schemes
With the help of this command we can add the effect in the all object of the slide at once.
 Click on Slide Show>Animation Schemes
 An animation schemes task pane appear.
 Choose the required effect.
7. Custom Animation
From this command we can add one kind of effect in one object.
 Click on Slide Show>Custom Animation
 A custom Animation Task pane Appear.
 Select the objects in which you want to add effect.
 Click on "Add Effect"
 Choose any one style of effects.
 Choose the Timing From "Start " box,
 Choose the speed of the effect from "Speed" box.
 Click on Ok
8. Slide Transition
This command helps to add the transition effect in the slide.
 Click on Slide Show>Slide Transition
 A Slide Transition task pane appears
 Choose any one Transition effect.
 Choose the required "Speed" and "Sound" option for the effect.
 Choose the "Automatically" or "on Mouse Click"
9. Hide Slide
This command is used to hide the slide when slide presentation
 Select the slide which you want to hide.
 Click on Slide Show>Hide Slide.
To unhide the slide
 Click on Slide Show>Hide Slide.
10. Custom Show
With the help of this command we can show the required slide only.
 Click on Slide Show>Custom Show
 Click on "New" Button
 Add the required slide you want to show.
 Give the name of custom show.
 Click on Ok
 Disk Operating System (DOS)
Operating system is a set of software programs that provides an interface between the
user and the computer system. It acts as interface cum translator between the user and
the computer system by coordinating and controlling the flow of information from the
computer to the user and vice versa as shown in the following figure. It provides and
controls the environment for execution of application programs.
Internal Commands
CLS
Clears the screen and positions the command prompt and cursor to the top left corner of
the screen
Syntax :- Cls
Date
Displays the system date and prompts you to change it in MM-DD-YY format, if necessary.
This date format depends on Country setting used in [Link] file.
Syntax :- Date
Time
Displays the system time (computer's internal clock) and prompts you to change it in
HH:MM:SS:HD A/P format, , if necessary. This time format depends on COUNTRY
settings used in [Link] file. DOS may display time 12-hour time format (you must
mention A or P) or 24-hour time format.
Syntax: TIME [hh [:mm [:ss [.hd]]] A/P]
Copy Con
The COPY CON command along with the file name is used to create a new file in MS-DOS.
Syntax: COPY CON [filename]
Type
This command can be used to display the content of a file.
Syntax: TYPE [file name]
DIR
It displays a list of files in directory.
Syntax: DIR [file name]
Copy
The copy command copies files between diskettes, hard disk and other devices.
Syntax: COPY [file name] [path] file name
Rename
The RENAME or REN command allows you to change the name of a file or group of files. This
command does not change the contents of the file
Syntax: REN [file name] [new file name]
Delete
The DEL or ERASE command is used to delete a file or group files.
The wildcards (? or *) may be used in the file name in the deletion command.
This command can be used to delete the files of another drive.
Syntax: DEL [filename]
MD or Mkdir
The MD (or MKDIR) command creates subdirectory of the current directory or of the root
directory
Points to remember:
Directory name can have a maximum of 8 characters.
Syntax: MD [folder name] or MKDIR [folder name]

CD
The CD (orCHDIR) command swithes (or change) to the specified directory.
The command with double dot (i.e. CD..) changes to the parent directory.
The command with back slash ([Link]\) switches to the root directory.
Syntax: CD [foldername]
CD..
CD\
LABEL
It creates, modifies or deletes the volume label of a disk. If a volume serial number exists,
DOS displays that also. You may give volume label 11 characters long
Syntax: LABEL [drive:]
EDIT
It begins DOS full screen text editor that creates, edit, saves and prints ASCII text files. You
can choose commands form from the menu of this editor. If file exists then EDIT will
display its contents and the screen and will let you modify it. If file does not exist then EDIT
will create it.
Syntax: EDIT [File name]
RD
RD or RMDIR command removes an empty directory from the parent
directory
Syntax: RD (folder name)

Ver
It displays the MS-DOS version number.
Syntax: ver

Vol
It shows the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.
Syntax: vol

Move (File name) (location)

the move command is used to move a file or folder to another location
Syntax: move (File name) (Location)

Exit
To close Dos Programs.
The End