What are Autonomous Vehicles?
Self-driving cars with sensors [and MEMS] able to observe and understand
surroundings
Automated Functions Today
Manual Driving
Automatic Transmission
Cruise Control
ABS & Stability System
Electric Power Steering
Assisted Driving – Human Driver in Control
Adaptive Cruise Control Blind Spot Monitor
Collision Warning System Parking Assist
Lane Departure Warning Traffic Sign Recognition
Lane Keep Assist Adaptive High Beams
Head-Up Display (HUD)
Market Opportunity: Evolution of Automotive Electronics
Value in cars is shifting from chassis and drivetrain into electronics and sensors.
Automotive electronics cost as a percentage of total
car cost (1950 - 2030)
60%
50%
50%
40%
35%
30%
30%
20%
20%
15%
10%
10%
3% 4%
1%
0%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Source: Statista
Possible Sensor technologies for Autonomous Vehicles
GPS Lidar
Camera
Ultrasoni
c
Odometry
Central
Computer Inertial Radar
Sensors
Sensors enabling Autonomous Vehicles to “see”
Camera
• Camera records video interpreted by computer
vision algorithms.
• Pros: Can distinguish and classify objects, such
as signs, lane markings, traffic lights. May also be
able to classify more complex objects such
as animals and pedestrians.
• Cons: Can only see what camera can
see, challenges in low light or bright
sun light`
Source: Delphi
Sensors enabling Autonomous Vehicles to “see”
Radar
• Car transmits radio waves and interprets the
back reflection from objects
• Pros: Can detect large objects and can easily
calculate speed and distance. Works in all
weather and lighting conditions, day or night.
•
Cons: Cannot distinguish color or differentiate
between objects. All same size objects look the
same.
Source: Delphi
Sensors enabling Autonomous Vehicles to “see”
LIDAR
• Car transmits light pulses and interprets the
back reflection from objects
• Pros: Can detect specific objects and calculate
distance. Can detect lines and edges of the road.
Works during day and in the dark at night,
•
Cons: In inclement weather, the light can reflect
from rain, snow, or fog, reducing the
effectiveness and detection range.
Source: Delphi
Sensor Technologies: One size does not fit all
Autonomous Vehicles will utilize variety of sensor technologies
Different Sensors have different strengths and weaknesses
Multiple sensors for redundancy and safety
Sensor Fusion
Source: Design News, April 2016
Safety improvement for Assisted Driving - HUD
• A Head-Up Display (HUD) overlays essential
information on top of the driving scene ahead
so that the driver can consume the information
without taking eyes of the road.
• Essential information may include
• For Manual Driving:
• Speed
• Gear & RPM
• Navigation info
• For Assisted Driving:
• Adaptive Cruise Control state
• Lane Departure Warning
Source: Continental
• Blind Spot Warning
• Obstacle Ahead Alert
• Traffic Signs
MEMS for Automotive Laser HUD
MicroVision’s Laser Beam Scanning Technology is a platform approach, applying one solution across
multiple markets – at the heart of which is MicroVision’s MEMS scanner
Industry
Application Industry Drivers Growth
Heads-Up Driver Safety & Infotainment 27%
Display
3D Imaging 23.4%
& Sensing Information Capture
Platform
Technology AR / VR 194%
Display Personal Mobility
Mobile Anytime, Anywhere Content Sharing 32.4%
Projection
Sources: AR / VR Display: CAGR 2014 – 2019, Source: TechNavio; Heads-Up Display: CAGR 2014 – 2024, ABI Research; 3D Imaging & Sensing: CAGR 2014 – 2020, Source: Markets&Markets; Personal Projection: CAGR 2014 –
2019, Source: TechNavio;
How PicoP® Scanning Technology Works
A single MEMS
scanning mirror
in an extremely tiny,
low power package
Red laser
2D MEMS
Micro mirror
Blue laser Green laser
PicoP® Scanning Technology for HUD
Optical Layout of MEMS Scanned Laser Virtual Image HUD
Realization of MEMS Scanned Laser Virtual Image HUD
MEMS Virtual Image HUD Overview
Image reflected off
coated windshield or
combiner
Virtual image
1.5 - 2.5m away
Virtual image seen
within eyebox
Laser Scanning
HUD installed in car
dash
Benefits of using MEMS Laser Scanning for HUD
Image Quality
• Highest Contrast Ratio
• Widest Color Gamut
• No Background Glow
Aftermarket
• Sunlight Readable
Display Performance
• High System Brightness
• Large Field of View
• Large Dimming Ratio
• Small Display Engine Size
• High Brightness / Power Ratio
Embedded
Today: LIDAR in Autonomous Vehicle Prototypes
• Single long-range LIDAR
• Typically mounted on the roof of the car
• Environmental mapping and modeling
Today’s Representative LIDAR Specs
• Range: 100 – 150m
• FOV: 360° x 30°
• Data rate: 300k – 2.2M points/sec
• Frame rate: 5 – 20Hz
• Horizontal Resolution: 900 – 3,600
• Vertical Resolution: 16 – 64
• Price: $8K - $80K
Applications for mid-range high resolution computer vision
Blind Spot Detection
Cross traffic alert Rear collision warning
Stop and Go
Parking Assist
Curb Detection
Parking Assist
Lane Assist and Departure warning
MEMS for Automotive LIDAR
MicroVision’s Laser Beam Scanning Technology is a platform approach, applying one solution across
multiple markets – at the heart of which is MicroVision’s MEMS scanner
Industry
Application Industry Drivers Growth
Heads-Up Driver Safety & Infotainment 27%
Display
3D Imaging 23.4%
& Sensing Information Capture
Platform
Technology AR / VR 194%
Display Personal Mobility
Mobile Anytime, Anywhere Content Sharing 32.4%
Projection
Sources: AR / VR Display: CAGR 2014 – 2019, Source: TechNavio; Heads-Up Display: CAGR 2014 – 2024, ABI Research; 3D Imaging & Sensing: CAGR 2014 – 2020, Source: Markets&Markets; Personal Projection: CAGR 2014 –
2019, Source: TechNavio;
How MEMS Technology for mid-range LIDAR works
👈
👈
IR Photodiode
IR laser
2D MEMS
Micro mirror IR laser IR laser
Mid-Range Automotive LIDAR
• Multiple cost effective mid-range LIDARs for performing
different functions
• High resolution vision
• Multiple sensors for redundancy and safety
Mid-Range LIDAR Target Specs
• Range: 10-15m
• FOV: 90° x 30°
• Data rate: 5.5M points/sec
• Frame rate: 30Hz
• Horizontal Resolution: 512
• Vertical Resolution: 360
Benefits of using MEMS Laser Scanning for Mid-Range
LIDAR
Highest
Smallest Size Resolutio Dynamic
(Thinnest at 6mm)
n (Programmable
Resolution and Frame
Enables new class of (~5.5M points/sec)
Rate)
form factors
Enables
advanced Enables both slower
Low
applications high resolution and
Cost Effective faster lower resolution
(Re-uses existing MEMS Persistence captures depending
technology) (~15ns) on the application or
driving situation
Enables new class of Enables blur free
applications capture of
moving objects
Challenges ahead for Autonomous Vehicles
(Trouble in Paradise)
• Vehicle innovations tend to be realized more slowly than other technological advances due to their
high costs, slow fleet turnover and strict safety requirements. Technical obstacles that need to be
addressed:
• Software reliability
• Car’s sensing and navigation systems susceptibility to different types of weather conditions
or deliberate interference (jamming and spoofing)
• Securing car’s central computer from hacking
• Availability to high-quality, accurate, and up to date maps
• Availability of radio spectrum for V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure)
communications
• Legislation and regulations need to catch up:
• Implementation of legal framework and establishment of government regulations for
autonomous vehicles.
• Insurance, who is liable for accidents of autonomous vehicles?
• Individual perceptions and attitudes need to evolve:
• Resistance by individuals to forfeit control of their cars
• Customer concern about the safety of driverless cars
• Loss of driving-related jobs. Resistance from professional drivers and unions.
Conclusion & Call to Action
• The value of cars are shifting from chassis and drivetrain to electronics,
sensors, and software.
-> Large opportunity for MEMS & Sensors industry
• However, designing MEMS to meet automotive quality standards can
be challenging
-> Consider automotive requirements from the beginning
• Automotive supply chain can be complex and difficult to penetrate
-> Look to partner with established OEM, Tier 1, or Tier 2
companies (depending on the application)
• And finally, automation in cars can bring significant benefits to the society in
large: reduced accidents and traffic fatalities, less pollution, increased
productivity.
-> Opportunity to MEMS & Sensor industry to do good and do well at
the same time