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Types of Liquid Consistency Explained

Rheology is the science that studies the flow and deformation of matter, applicable to both liquids and solids, and involves the relationship between force, deformation, and time. It categorizes fluids into ideal, Newtonian, and non-Newtonian types, with non-Newtonian fluids further divided into dilatant, pseudo-plastic, Bingham plastic, and Herschel-Bulkley fluids based on their viscosity behavior. Examples include water and honey as Newtonian fluids, and ketchup and toothpaste as non-Newtonian fluids.

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15 views17 pages

Types of Liquid Consistency Explained

Rheology is the science that studies the flow and deformation of matter, applicable to both liquids and solids, and involves the relationship between force, deformation, and time. It categorizes fluids into ideal, Newtonian, and non-Newtonian types, with non-Newtonian fluids further divided into dilatant, pseudo-plastic, Bingham plastic, and Herschel-Bulkley fluids based on their viscosity behavior. Examples include water and honey as Newtonian fluids, and ketchup and toothpaste as non-Newtonian fluids.

Uploaded by

mukhtiartalpur239
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© All Rights Reserved
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RHEOLOGY

Fluid Mechanics

Mukhtiar Ali Talpur


Rheology is the science of flow and
deformation of matter and describes the
interrelation between force, deformation and
time. The term comes from Greek rheos
meaning to flow. Rheology is applicable to all
materials, from gases to solids.

RHEOLOGY
Rheology is the study of the flow of matter,
primarily in a liquid or gas state, but also as
"soft solids" or solids under conditions in which
they respond with plastic flow rather than
deforming elastically in response to an applied
force. Rheology is a branch of physics, and it is
the science that deals with the deformation and
flow of materials, both solids and liquids.

RHEOLOGY
I. IDEAL FLUID
II. NEWTONIAN FLUID
III. NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
 Dilatant fluids
 Pseudo plastic fluids
 Bigham Plastic fluids
 Herschel Bulkely
IDEAL FLUID
• Inviscid
• Incompressible
• No shear stress
• Constant normal stress
NEWTONION FLUID

A Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous stresses


arising from its flow, at every point, are linearly correlated to
the local strain rate—the rate of change of its deformation
over time.

Water and honey

Ʈ=µ
NON- NEWTONION FLUID
• In reality
most fluids are non-Newtonian, which means
that their viscosity is dependent on shear rate
(Shear Thinning or Thickening) or the
deformation history (Thixotropic fluids). In
contrast to Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian
fluids display either a non-linear relation
between shear stress and shear rate (see
Figure 1), have a yield stress, or
viscosity that is dependent on time or deform
ation history
(or a combination of all the above!).
NON- NEWTONION FLUID
Ʈ=m( )n
m= consistency index n= flow index

If n > 1 ( dilatant fluid )

If n< 1 ( pseudo plastic fluid)


If n > 1 ( dilatant fluid )

• Shear thickening fluids


• A fluid is shear thickening if the viscosity of the fluid
increases as the shear rate increases (see Figure 2).
A common example of shear thickening fluids is a
mixture of cornstarch and water. You have probably
seen examples of this on TV or the internet, where
people can run over this kind of solutions and yet,
they will sink if they stand still.
• Ex: starch suspension
If n < 1 (pseudo plastic fluid)

• Shear thinning fluids


• shear thinning if the viscosity decreases as
the shear rate increases. Shear thinning
fluids, also known as pseudo-plastics, are
ubiquitous in industrial and biological
processes. Common examples include
ketchup, paints and blood.
• Ex: blood
BINGHAM PLASTIC FLUID

Ʈ=Ʈy +µ.
Ʈ y = yield stress

Example : tooth paste


HERSCHEL BULKLEY

Ʈ=Ʈy +m( )n
Ʈ y = yield stress

Example : tooth paste

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