11. Environment Awareness and Conservation (E).

S Code Subject 1 st Type 2nd Type 3 rd Type Total

No Year Year Year Periods
(i) E - 1 Natural 01 L/D i - - - - 01
Resources
Conservation
and
Management
(ii) E - 2 Water - - 01 L/Di - - 01
Conservation
and Rain
water
harvesting
(iii) E - 3 Waste - - - - 01 L/D i 01
Management
(v) E - 4 Energy - - - - 01 LL/D i 01
Conservation
Total 01 - 01 - 02 - 04
E 1NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT (1st L-01)

A natural resource is any useful product which is produced by nature and is

essential for our daily life. Natural resources can be classified in different
ways as per their nature or availability or type. A few examples of natural
resources are air, water, wood, oil, solar energy, wind energy, fossil fuels,
minerals and coal. Refined oil is not a natural resource since humans create
it.
Basic Information of Natural Resources and Type of Resources
Natural resources can be classified by various methods, which include
Source of origin
Stage of development and by their renewability.
These classifications are described as under.
Classification of Natural Resources on the basis of
origin
(a) Biotic: Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and
organic material), such as forests & animals and the materials that can be
obtained from them. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are also
included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic
matter.
b) Abiotic: Abiotic resources are those that come from non-living, non-
organic material. Examples of abiotic resources include land, fresh water, air
and heavy metals including ores such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.
 Need for Management and Conservation of Natural Resources
Most of natural resources on earth, especially the non renewable
resources, have a finite limit. Extreme use of these may deprive the future
generations for their use. It is therefore extremely essential that we not only
conserve natural resources but also plan their proper management so that
the longevity of these resources increases. Some of the major effects of
unrestricted use of natural resources are as under:
(a) Ozone Depletion: This is a process
by which the total volume of ozone in the
Earth‘s atmosphere decreases. Gases called
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in
refrigerators, air conditioners, and many
aerosol sprays, are rapidly destroying the
ozone layer.. Since the ozone layer prevents
most harmful ultraviolet radiation,
ultraviolet B (UVB) with wavelengths
between 290 and 320nm, passing through
the Earth's atmosphere, depletion of the
ozone layer has serious damaging effects.
Effect of ozone depletion: Due to ozone
depletion harmful UV rays such as UVB
radiation reaches to earth which leads to
harmful effects on animals, plants, aquatic life
as well as on human also
Soil Erosion: Erosion is the process by which soil
and rock are removed from the Earth's surface
by natural processes such as, wind or water
flow and then transported and deposited at
other locations. While erosion is a natural
process, human activities such as deforestation
and expansion of built up areas have
dramatically increased the rate of soil erosion.
Excessive soil erosion causes problems such as
desertification (the gradual transformation of h
abitable land into desert),
decreases in agricultural productivity due to
land degradation, sedimentation of waterways
and ecological collapse due to loss of the
nutrient rich upper soil layers.
Acid Rain: It is a rain or any other form of
precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that, it
possesses added levels of hydrogen. Acid rain is
caused by emissions of harmful chemicals such as
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with
the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce
acids. Chemicals in the acid rain cause pain to peel,
corrosion of steel structures such as bridges and
erosion of stone statues, besides causing total
destruction to crop.
Global Warming: Global warming is a
phenomenon associated with the increase of
earth‘s temperature. One of the major causes
of global warming has been excessive
production of Greenhouse gases. A greenhouse
gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiation
within the thermal infrared range. The primary
greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere
are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide and ozone. Green house gases
have a great affect on the earth‘s temperature.

Green house affect

It is the effect arising due to increased carbon
dioxide content and increase in global
temperature and depletion of ozone layer due
to chlorofluorocarbons used, poses the
greatest threat to the very existence and
survival of human beings and flora and fauna
around the globe.
Methods of Management and Conservation
of Natural Resources
Recycling: This is a method by which some of
the resources can be conserved by recycling
them or reusing them by adopting certain
methods as under:-

Recycling of paper will reduce the burden on

trees.
Recycling of water including sewage will reduce
the burden on sub soil / fresh water for
irrigation.
Recycling of metal or plastic waste will
conserve metal resources.
Water Harvesting: This method can be used
for storing rainwater which can be used later. In
villages, storing of rain water in ponds will
increase the level of sub soil water
Aforestation: This leads to planting more
seeds or trees to make a forest on land
which has not been a forest recently, or
which has never been a forest and avoid
cutting of trees.
Benefits of Aforestation:
It restores ecological balance of all eco
systems.
It maintains biological diversity.
It act as catchments catchment for the soil
and water conservation.
Planting trees can stabilize soils by
increasing interception, and bring soil
erosion.
Prevent floods and safeguard future of the
tribal people.
Stabilized the climate and the forest
products.
Proper Waste Management: This will prevent pollution of soil and water
sources like river, ponds and sea. This not only involves segregation of waste
into biodegradable / non biodegradable and its subsequent treatment, but
also treatment of industrial / sewage waste water before discharge into the
river
Greater Use of Renewable Sources: Using renewable sources of energy
like solar and wind power will help in conserving electricity.

Avoid Wastage: Excessive use / uncontrolled use lead to wastage. Wastage

can be prevented by proper education, monitoring and controlled usage.
Increasing Energy Efficiency: Use of energy efficient vehicles or
equipment (for example: use of CFLs, LEDs etc.) will reduce consumption of
energy in our daily life. Use of alternate sources of energy like solar or wind
energy will leads to reduce consumption of electricity.
Monitoring and Control: There is a strong need to put into place strong
and strict control and monitoring organizations so that uncontrolled wastage
can be prevented.
Role of NCC in Conservation of Natural Resources
Every cadet can fulfill his duty towards environment individually or
collectively by following means:-
(i) By planting more trees and avoid cutting of trees.
(ii) Not polluting water sources like river, ponds, sea etc.
(iii) Avoiding use of plastic.
Avoiding noise pollution.
Recycling natural resources to ensure their efficient sustainable use
Using renewable sources of energy like solar and wind power.
Saving energy by taking small but important are like switching off fans,
lights and other electric gadgets when they are not in use.

Preventing of wastage and overuse of all natural resources.

Conservation of nature in all form.

Ensuring environmentally rational behavior in oneself and others.

Developing environmental consciousness amongst common people through

posters, hoarding and environmental awareness campaign
E 2WATER CONSERVATION & RAINWATER HARVESTING(2nd 02
Water is a very important and precious resource for life. Water Conservation
covers policies, strategies and activities to manage fresh water as a
sustainable resource, to protect the water environment and to meet current
and future human demands. Population growth, household size and fortune
affect the quantity of water that is consumed. Factors such as
climate change will increase pressures on natural water resources, especially
in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation. Water is fast becoming
insufficient due to increase in population, industries and agricultural activities
and due to poor rainfall
Need for Water Conservation
No other natural resource has had such an overwhelming response on the
history of mankind as much as Water. As human population increases, the
desire for a better standard of living will increase the demands of fresh
water resources.
Much of the world‘s fresh water is consumed by the agricultural, industrial
and domestic sectors. The failure in useful managing this resource to
meet the increasing water demands of these sectors has resulted in a
situation of crisis in many parts of the world. In many parts of India,
freshwater crisis already exists.
With only 1% of water available for human consumption, we must treat our
water supply with more respect. Water conservation should not be
considered an option any longer but is an inescapable necessity. Current
circumstances require our full attention, if we hope to thrive as a
civilization. Much of the world is currently suffering due to a lack of clean
water. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek out, find and start using
all the innovative water conservation solutions and methods that are
available today.
Ways to Conserve Water Indoors: The best place to start Water
Conservation is one‘s own house. Certain measures which can be adopted at
home are:-

Ensure that there are no leaks in your house, in the pipelines, taps and
toilets.
Use water efficient flushes and if possible, toilets with dual flushing systems.
Close taps while brushing your teeth, shaving or soaping your face.
Use water from washing of clothes for cleaning floors.
Use appropriate amount of detergent for washing clothes.
Close the shower tap while soaping your body.
While washing the dishes by hand, don't let the water run while rinsing. Fill
one sink with wash water and the other with rinse water.

Monitor your water bill for unusually high use. Your bill and water meter are
tools that can help you discover leaks.

Water your lawn and garden in the morning or evening when temperature is
cooler to minimize evaporation
Rain Water Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting means capturing the runoff of the rainwater in our
own house, village, town or city. It basically means accumulation and
storage of rainwater for reuse, before it reaches the aquifer. Utilization
includes water for garden, livestock, irrigation, etc. In many places, the
water collected is just redirected to a deep pit with percolation. The
harvested water can be used for drinking water also, if the storage is a tank
that can be accessed and cleaned when needed.
E 3WASTE MANAGEMENT(3rd 01)
Waste Management refers to the collection, transport, processing or
disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. Waste materials
usually relate to materials produced by human activity and the process is
generally undertaken to reduce their bad effect on health, environment or
natural beauty. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous
or radioactive, fall within the scope of waste management.
Type Of Waste
Waste material can be of following types:-
(a) Solid Waste: This can be further classified into
different types depending on their source as under:- :-
(i) Household waste is generally classified as municipal.
(ii) Industrial waste as hazardous waste.
(iii) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as disease
causing waste.
(iv) Electronic wastes such as TV's, refrigerators and
computers.
Liquid Waste: This can be classified into following types:-
•Chemicals released by industries.
•Waste water released by households through the sever lines.

(c) Radioactive Waste: These are those wastes

that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes
are usually by-products of nuclear power generation
and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear
technology, such as research and medicine.
Radioactive waste is hazardous to most forms of life
and the environment and is regulated by government
agencies in order to protect human health and the
environment.
Disposal And Management Of Waste
Actions by Individuals Some steps which all individuals can take while
contributing to the waste management may include:-
Separation of household waste into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable.
Reduce use of plastic bags and replace with paper or jute/cloth bags.
Recyclable waste such as paper, glass, cloth etc could be segregated and
disposed off accordingly.
Keep the surroundings of your house and around the house clean. Do not
dump waste just outside the house on the road.
Colonies could start vermin-composting and natural composting.
What is waste for you is wealth for somebody else. There has been a
tradition in India of finding an innovative use for everything – tyres, battery
cases, plastic bins and what not. Think of reuse of the thing you would like
to discard.
Actions by Civic
Prohibiting littering of street.
Organizing house to house waste collection.
Conducting awareness programs to spread information to public.
Providing sufficient community storage facilities.
Use of colour code bins and promotion of waste separation.
Transportation of wastes in covered vehicles.
Processing of wastes by adopting suitable combination of composting,
anaerobic digestion, pellatisation etc.

Up gradation of the existing dump sites and Disposal of inert wastes in

E 4ENERGY CONSERVATION(3rd L-01)
“ENERGY” means any form of energy derived from fossil fuels, nuclear
substances or materials, hydro-electricity and includes electrical energy or
electricity generated from renewable sources of energy or bio-mass
connected to the grid. Energy conservation refers to various ways and
methods of reducing energy consumption by economizing on the use of a
particular source of energy
Energy Conservation Measures
Energy Saving Building Designs: Construction of industrial/domestic
buildings with energy efficient designs, to reduce the consumption of
electricity on air conditioning and lighting.
Use of Energy Efficient Equipment /
Implements: Use of energy efficient equipment /
gadgets like ACs, Heaters, Tube lights, CFLs & LEDs,
Frost Free Refrigerators, Distribution Transformers,
Induction Motors, Direct Cool Refrigerator, Geysers,
Ceiling Fans, TVs / LCDs, Agricultural Pump Sets,
LPG Stoves and Washing Machines etc contribute
immensely in reducing the consumption of
electricity. Use of solar lighting / heating gadgets
also contributes towards saving large quantity of
electricity.
Public Lighting:. This is a large consumer of
electricity. Hence, energy saving / efficient
equipment like CFLs, Halogen Lamps, Distributors
and Solar Lighting must be used in a big way to
conserve electricity.
Usage Habits:. Everyone must be
passionate about preventing wasteful use of
electricity. Strict measures should be enforced to
switch off all lights which are not required during
day or at night at homes, offices or public places.
Public Transport System: Efficient, speedy and reliable public transport
system with fuel efficient vehicles must be employed. This can reduce a
large burden of the fuel energy, by reducing the number of personal
vehicles on the road.
Energy Efficient Infrastructure: This includes creation of high quality
roads, rails and transmission methods to reduce wasteful use of electric
and fuel energy.
Solar Energy: Solar energy is a renewable energy which is released by the
sun as electromagnetic waves and directly collected from the sun light. Solar
energy can be used in two ways: Solar heating and Solar electricity
Biogas: It is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of
organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas is a renewable energy
source and can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste,
municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. It can
be used for any heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a
gas engine to convert the energy in the gas into electricity and heat
Major GURMIT SINH