EDUC 300
Advanced Educational Statistics
NIXON B. BARRETE,MST-
MATH
Professor
LESSON OUTLINE
Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Variability
Measures of Position
Data Collection
Descriptive Analysis and Presentation of single variable data
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Most Common Parametric Tests
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Correlation Analysis
Simple Linear Regression
Non- Parametric test
MODE OF INSTRUCTION
Infinit LMS
Google Classroom
[Link]
MjYw?cjc=g64nkz7h
(on hold)
Google drive
Google Meet
Zoom
Class Schedule
7: 30-10:30 AM (SAT)
MAEd SOC STUD
MAEd ENG
1:30-4:30 PM(SUN)
MAEd SCI
MAEd FIL
MAEd MATH
SDA Students
WELCOME TO THE
EDUC 300
NIXON B. BARRETE,MST-MATH
Professor
Statistic
s * The study of the collection, analysis,
interpretation, presentation, and
organization of data.
* It is more than just numbers: it is data,
what is done to data, what is learned from
the data, and the resulting conclusions.
Is Statistics a branch of
Mathematics or of Science?
Statistic
s As a branch of Mathematics: Statistics involves mathematical
theories and techniques, especially in probability, data analysis and
algebra.
As a branch of Science: Statistics is a scientific tool. It helps design
experiments, analyze data, and draw conclusions, making it essential
in scientific research across disciplines like biology, economics,
psychology, and social sciences.
Statistics is a mathematical science- it uses mathematical
principles to solve problems in real world, especially those
involving data.
Statistic
s
1. Descriptive Statistics – includes the
collection, presentation, and description of
sample data.
2. Inferential Statistics – refers to the
technique of interpreting the values resulting
from the descriptive techniques and making
decisions and drawing conclusions about the
population.
Where
Statistics are
* In education, descriptive statistics are
used
frequently used to describe test results.
* In science, the data resulting from
experiment must be collected and analyze
* In government, many kinds of statistical
data are collected all the time.
The language of Statistics
Population: A collection, or set, of individuals, objects, or events
whose properties are to be analyzed.
Sample: A subset of a population that will be used to produce
data.
Variable: A characteristic of interest about each individual
element of a population or sample.
Data value: The value of the variable associated with one
element of a population or sample. This value may be a
number, a word or a symbol.
Data: The set of values collected from the variable from each of
the elements that belong to the sample.
Parameter: A numerical value summarizing all the data of an
entire population.
Statistic: A numerical value summarizing the sample data.
Kinds of Variables
Nominal
Qualitative
Ordinal
Variable
Discrete
Quantitative
Continuous
Kinds of variables
1. Qualitative variables – result in information
that describes or categorizes an element of a
population
2. Quantitative variables - result in information
that quantifies an element of a population.
Kinds of Qualitative variables
1. Nominal variable – is a qualitative variable
that characterizes(or describes, or names)
an element of a population
ex. Hair color, hometown, house number
2. Ordinal variable - incorporates an ordered
position or ranking.
ex. Level of satisfaction, ranking of five tourist
spots in the Philippines
Classification of Quantitative variables
1. Discrete variable
2. Continuous variable
Classification of Quantitative variables
1. Discrete variable – is a quantitative variable
that can assume a countable number of
values.
2. Continuous variable - a quantitative variable
that can assume an uncountable number of
values.
Classification of Quantitative variables
1. Discrete variable – is a quantitative variable
that can assume a countable number of
values.
ex. Number of cars in the parking area
2. Continuous variable - a quantitative variable
that can assume an uncountable number of
values.
ex. distance of student’s residence to
Important Symbols used in Statistics
[Link] used in the population and sample
Population Sample
Number of
N n
Observations
Characteristics: Parameter Statistic
Mean μ (mu) x̄ , ȳ, z̄
Variance σ² (sigma squared) s²
Standard Deviation σ (sigma) s
2. Subscript Notation
Suppose the point of interest is the variable x, and n measurements
of x are taken. Let these values be denoted by:
•X1(read as “x sub 1"),
Symbolically, these are denoted by x1 (read as “x sub i"), where i
stands for 1, 2, 3, ..., n.
The letter i is called a subscript (or index). Any letter other than i,
such as k, j, r, s, etc., could have been used as well.
3. Superscript Notation
Superscripts are letters placed at the upper right of a variable
or number. They indicate whether treatments having the same
letter superscript are not significantly different from each
other, or if they have the same effect.
If treatments bear different letter superscripts, they are
significantly different from each other.
Example: xa as “x to the a".
4. Summation Notation
The symbol “∑” (Greek capital letter sigma) is used to denote sum.
The symbol
I. Expand the following:
II. Given: x ={ 25,10,23,25,18,17,16, 24,12,26}
y={ 80,68,78,35,36,42,75,81,15,38}
Find:
EDUC 300
Advanced Educational Statistics
PROOF OF ATTENDANCE
13JULY2025