Linear
Dielectrics
Presented By:
UZMA(31)
ZEEMAL(32)
Outline
Susceptibility, Boundary Value
1 2
Permittivity, Problems with
Dielectric Linear
Constant Dielectrics
Energy in Forces on
3 4
Dielectric Dielectrics
Systems
Linear dielectrics
A linear dielectric is a material that exhibits
a linear relationship between the electric
field applied to it and the resulting
polarization
P=χE
Susceptibility, Permittivity,
Dielectric Constant
The susceptibility (χ) of a linear dielectric describes
how much polarization occurs in response to an
applied electric field
P=χE
,
P=ε0χE
Here, is the vacuum permittivity, χ is the electric
susceptibility,
E is the electric field strength, and P is the
polarization.
Susceptibility, Permittivity,
Dielectric Constant
The Permittivity(ε) is a fundamental property of a
material that describes its ability to permit the flow
of electric field lines
For a linear dielectric, the relationship between ε, ,
and χ (electric susceptibility) is given by :
ε= (1+χ)
Susceptibility, Permittivity,
Dielectric Constant
Dielectric constant () is the ratio of permittivity
of the material to the permittivity of vacuum
For linear dielectrics, the dielectric constant is
related to the vacuum permittivity () and the
electric susceptibility (χ) by the equation:
=1+χ=
Boundary Value Problems with
Linear Dielectrics
In a homogeneous linear dielectric the bound
charge density () is proportional to the free
charge density ():
= -∇.P = -∇.= -
In particular, unless free charge is actually
embedded in the material, p = 0
Any net charge must reside at the surface;
Boundary Value Problems with
Linear Dielectrics
In term of potential;
=-
Whereas, the potential itself is ofcourse continuous;
Energy in
Dielectric Systems
It takes work to charge up a capacitor;
W=
If the capcitor is filled with linear dielectric,it’s capacitance
exceeds the vacuum value by a factor of dielectric constant;
C=
General formula for the energy stored in an electrostatic system;
W=d
In case of dielectric filled capacitor;
W= d= d
Energy in
Dielectric Systems
Suppose dielectric material is fixed in position,and
we bring in the free charge ,a bit at a time .So,work
on incremental free charge;
Vd
Since .D = , = where is the resulting change in D
So;
Vd
.V=V + .
Hence integration by parts ;
Vd d
Energy in
Dielectric Systems
The divergence theorem converts the first term into surface
integral which vanishes when we integrate all over the space.
Therefore the work done equals to ;
W= d
When D=
= =E) E = .E
W=
W=
Forces on
Dielectrics
Consider the case of a slab of linear dielectric
material, partially inserted between the plates of a
parallel-plate capacitor
Let we pull dielectric out an infinitesimal distance
dx with force
Then energy is changed by an amount equal to
work done
F
C2
C1
F(me)
+
Fringing
region
Forces on Dielectrics
F me=-F
dW= dx
dW= -F.dx_________(1)
F= -
As we know that ;
W=
Total charge= Q= CV
V=Q/C put in (2)
W=
Then ;F= -( )
F
Forces on Dielectrics
Capacitance of capacitor in this case is
C= +
As we know that ;
C=
Here ,
C=
Differentiate with respect to (x) we get ;
F=
Forces on Dielectrics
When plates of capacitor attached with battery then ;
dW=-Fdx +VdQ(work done by Battery)
dW=-Fdx +Vd(CV)
dW=-Fdx + dC
dW/dx=-F+ ( divide by dx)
F= -
F=- +
F=
Applications
Electronic Devices Lighting
1 2
Microwave oven Medical Devices
3 4
Any Question?
THANK YOU !