FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION
Meeting 3
September 2024
Yuan Yue
01. REMINDER
02. EXPLANATORY ORDER
03. CHAPTER 5-6
04. CITATION WORKSHOP
05. EXPLANATORY SPEECH PLAN
TODAY
REMINDER
Email etiquette
Document format
Think about your Explanatory Speech topics
Draft explanatory outline due before next meeting
Giving Quality Feedback reading
Do the reading and assignment of Chapter 7
EXPLANATORY ORDER
Day 1 (Oct 1) -- 14 students
Day 2 (Oct 8) -- 10 students
Order is randomly assigned by using a randomization tool and will be
posted as a Canvas announcement later
Let me know if you have planned commitments on which speech day,
and I can put you on the other day. Requests will be considered on a
case-by-case basis.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE SPEECH
DAY
• Upload your final draft of your full sentence preparation
speech outline, including a list of references in APA format.
• Upload your PowerPoint file that you will use when you deliver
your speech in class.
WHAT TO BRING ON SPEECH DAY
• Explanatory Speech Instructor Evaluation Form
• Explanatory Speech Peer Evaluation Forms (2)
• Final draft of your full sentence preparation speech outline,
including a list of references in APA format.
• Notecard with key word outline
• A digital video recording device (such as a smartphone or
tablet) to have a partner record your speech so that you can
complete your self-evaluation.
WHAT TO AFTER SPEECH DAY
• Watch the video recording of your speech and evaluate what
you did well and what you would like to improve for the next
speech. Take notes for yourself so that you can give an even
better presentation next time!
CHAPTER 5
DESIGNING MESSAGES
AND ORGANIZING
IDEAS
OBJECTIVES
• Understand the three types of speaking situations
• Identify the necessary elements for the three parts of a
speech
• Select an appropriate pattern of organization for the speech
purpose
• Understand and apply the three principles of organizing
THINK ABOUT YOUR TOPIC
TYPES OF MESSAGES
• Informative Speech
• Persuasive Speech (Enhance or change)
• Commemorative Speech
• Formal Speech -- Prepared
• Informal Speech -- Unprepared
How to write a speech outline?
PARTS OF A FORMAL SPEECH
Introduction Body Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• 10 - 15 percent
• Capture audience’s attention
• General idea about what you are going to say
INTRODUCTION
• Attention-getter
ACTIVITY
• Topic background - Why should I care?
How to
• Speaker credibility - Why should I trus you? capture
attention?
• Thesis statement - Main argument
• Preview of the main points
THESIS STATEMENT
• Examples ([Link], 2018)
⚬ Vaccinations Because many children are unable to
vaccinate due to illness, we must require that all
healthy and able children be vaccinated in order to
have herd immunity.
⚬ Public Libraries Libraries are essential resources for
communities and should be funded more heavily by
local municipalities.
PREVIEW OF MAIN POINTS
• Immediately after thesis statement
• Use signpost: First, second, finally
• Mutually exclusive
Make them reasonable and memorable using logic
and artistic language
BODY
• 75-85 percent of the speech
• Three distinctive main points
• One main point should contain two or more
subpoints
• Transition - Why we do transition and how?
CONCLUSION
• 5-10 percent
• Summarize your thesis and main points
• Transition to conclusion
• Leave a powerful ending
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
• Chronological pattern - Time
• Spatial pattern - Space, location
• Cause-Effect pattern - Reason, how Informative
• Problem-solution pattern
• Topical pattern - parellel
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
• Problem-cause-solution pattern
• Comparative advantage pattern
Persuasive
• Argumentative pattern
• Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
BUILDING AN OUTLINE
• Full manuscript
• Full sentence outline
• Key word outline
FULL SENTENCE OUTLINE
PRINCIPLE OF OUTLINING
• Subordination -- hierarchy of ideas
• Division -- two or more subpoints
• Coordination -- save level same importance
Draw to help us understand them
CHAPTER 6
EXPLAINING CONCEPTS
EXPLAINING vs INFORMING
EXPLAIN INFORM
Information Information
Data Data
Deep Value-free
understanding
Relationship
How and Why
WHY WE NEED AN
EXPLANATION
• Understand ideas or arguments
• Language or concepts are difficult
• Structure or process is hard to evnision
• Idea is diffcult to believe
DIFFICULT LANGUAGE
• Jargon • Strategy:
• Doesn’t translate • Provide an example
• Language itself • A definition
• Give changes to audience
DIFFICULT LANGUAGE
• mRNA vaccicine • Strategy:
• Cinema Verite • Provide an example
• Pandemic • A definition
• Give changes to audience
DIFFICULT TO PICTURE
• Hard to see
• Abstract ideas
• Strategy:
• Graphics
• Verbal/Non-Verbal organizational cues
DIFFCULT TO PICTURE
(businessinsider,20
15)
DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE
• Ideas out of everyday understand
• Inaccurate ideas
• Strategy:
• Explain with demonstrations and examples
HOW TO HELP YOUR AUDIENCE
UNDERSTAND
• Definition
• Use signposts and repetition
• Humor
• Reward Engageme
• Participation nt
• Use all of the senses
HOW TO HELP YOUR AUDIENCE
UNDERSTAND
USING PRESENTATION AID
• Objects and Models
• Demonstrations
• Photographs, diagrams, images
⚬ Verbal citation
⚬ Content warning
• PowerPoint Slides
POWERPOINT SLIDE
• Any tips or general rules ?
CHECKING FOR
UNDERSTANDING
• Nonverbal
feedback
sjlow/ Wan San
GIFDB Yip/Unsplash
CHECKING FOR
UNDERSTANDING
• Asking questions
• Polls
Engageme
• Online chat
nt
• 👍&💗
SOURCE EVALUATION
ACTIVITY
• Website or article?
• Verbal citation
Verbal Citation
Workshop
According to a 2007 New
York Times Best-seller Made
to Stick, written by Chip
Heath, a Stanford
organizational behavior
professor, and Dan Heath, a
Duke senior research
fellow…
• Journal Article:
• 1. Cognitive consequences of forced compliance
• 2. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent
• Book:
• A brief history of time : from the big bang to black holes
• Newspaper:
• North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor
that can make bomb-grade plutonium
• Website Article:
• Stephen Curry and three first-timers headline NBA all-star
reserves
Or find a source you
are interested in, and
practice oral citation
with your peers
EXPLANATORY
SPEECH PLAN
• Give yourself around 25 minutes to work on the plan
• Share your ideas and questions with your group
• Give feedback to your peers
SPEECH OUTLINE OVERVIEW