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Encoding Schemes and Number Systems

The document explains encoding as the process of converting characters into binary code, with examples using ASCII and Unicode. It covers various encoding schemes and number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with conversion methods between these systems. Additionally, it highlights the applications of hexadecimal in memory addressing and web color codes.

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ushavalsa
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25 views10 pages

Encoding Schemes and Number Systems

The document explains encoding as the process of converting characters into binary code, with examples using ASCII and Unicode. It covers various encoding schemes and number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal, along with conversion methods between these systems. Additionally, it highlights the applications of hexadecimal in memory addressing and web color codes.

Uploaded by

ushavalsa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Encoding Schemes and Number

System
CBSE Class XI – Computer Science
(2025–26)
What is Encoding?
• • Encoding is the process of converting
characters into binary code.
• • Computers understand only binary (0s and
1s).
• • Example: ‘A’ → ASCII 65 → Binary 1000001
• • Example: ‘अ’ → Unicode 0905 → Binary
0000100100000101
Encoding Schemes
• • ASCII: American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
• - 7-bit code, 128 characters
• • ISCII: Indian Script Code for Information
Interchange
• - 8-bit code for Indian languages
• • UNICODE: Universal encoding scheme for all
languages
• - UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32
ASCII Example – ‘DATA’
• D → 68 → 1000100
• A → 65 → 1000001
• T → 84 → 1010100
• A → 65 → 1000001
Number Systems
• • Decimal – Base 10 (0–9)
• • Binary – Base 2 (0,1)
• • Octal – Base 8 (0–7)
• • Hexadecimal – Base 16 (0–9, A–F)
Decimal to Binary Conversion
• Steps:
• 1. Divide by 2
• 2. Note the remainder
• 3. Repeat until quotient is 0
• 4. Read remainders bottom to top
• Example: 65 → 1000001
Binary to Decimal Example
• Binary: 1101
• = 1×2³ + 1×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰
• = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13
Binary ↔ Octal/Hexadecimal
• • Binary to Octal: Group 3 bits
• • Binary to Hex: Group 4 bits
• • Octal/Hex to Binary: Replace each digit with
3/4-bit binary
Application of Hexadecimal
• • Used in memory addressing
• • Used in web color codes (e.g., Red = FF0000)
• • Compact and human-readable format
Summary
• • Encoding maps text to binary using schemes
like ASCII and Unicode.
• • Binary is the core language of computers.
• • Octal/Hexadecimal simplify binary
representation.
• • Learn conversions between number systems.

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