WELCOME
OBJECTIVE
Define compressor
Explain types of compressor
Define reciprocating compressor
Explain the Working of reciprocating compressor
SCROLL COMPRESSOR
The Scroll compressor consists of two scroll members. A scroll is a
disc with a spiral shaped member, one end of which is cast integral
with the disc or base plate the other being open end. This is a
positive displacement compressor. These compressors are used in
applications like residential/commercial air conditioners, liquid chillers
refrigeration, automotive, heat pump, etc. It is better in energy
efficiency than reciprocating and screw compressor. EER of
12BTU/Watt is claimed by many manufacturers of the two scrolls, one
is inverted and inserted into the other and so the free end of each of
the scroll vanes contacts the base plates of matching scroll. In this
assembly of two matching scrolls, one scroll is held stationary, while
the other rotates in an orbital path hence the scroll compressor is
also known as an orbital motion machine.
Scroll compressor
WORKING
As compressor shaft rotates, at a particular instant of the rotation, at
diametrically opposite sides on the circumference of the fixed and orbiting
scroll assembly, two closed ends of the spiral scroll vanes open up,
through which low pressure suction gas from the evaporator enters the
pockets with the continued rotation of scroll, the peripheral open passage
closes and get sealed, trapping the gas at suction pressure in this
pockets, the volume of the pockets progressively reduces, compressing
the gas. As the pockets reach the center of the scroll full compression is
achieved and the compressed gas discharges into the delivery line.
Obviously several pockets of gas get compressed simultaneously. Since a
new pocket of compressed gas reaches the discharge point very shortly
after the preceding one, the discharge process is nearly continuous. Thus
a quiet, smooth non pulsating compression cycle is achieved after three
complete orbits.
A check valve at the delivery line prevents backing of high pressure gas from high side
to low side, and the compressor from running back wards, when compressor [Link]
capacity of scroll compressor available presently is around 5 to 20TR and are generally
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CITS TRAINING (2016-17) ATI CALICUT -673016
hermetically sealed type. For larger capacity requirements multiple parallel connected
scroll compressors are employed.
Inter scroll leakages
compressor performance. The leakage points are:
1. Through the inevitable clearance necessary between the three end
tips of the scroll vanes and the base plates. This is called axial
[Link] axial leakage is sealed by providing a floating seal
between the surfaces, which ensures good sealing with minimThere
are two inter scroll gas leakage points, which need sealing as they
affect the um of frictional [Link] design, keeps the scroll
vane tips and the base plates in continuous contact with an oil film.
[Link] pockets, across the line of contact of two vane walls, this
is called radial leakage.
The radial leakage is tackled by an oil film seal, thus avoiding
mechanical metal to metal
contact and friction.
Capacity control
Capacity control is done by the following methods.
1. Variable speed
The compressor speed is varied through the use of an inverter, by which a frequency of the
electric supply to the compressor motor is varied. Frequency variation of 15- 50 cycles are
generally obtained, the compressor capacity is directly proportional to its speed.
2. Variable displacement
The compressor capacity is controlled by varying the effective displacement of the compressor.
On the fixed scroll number of porting holes are provided, which are opened or closed through the
control mechanism by opening the porting hole the compression chamber gets connected to the
suction side thereby some hot gas flows back to the suction side, thus reducing the compressor
capacity.
Bearings
Instead of ball bearings journal bearings are used for main shaft. A thrust bearing is provided
below the rotating scroll in the internal frame.
Advantages of scroll
compressors
1. Large suction and discharge ports reduce pressure losses during suction and
discharge.
2. Physical separation of suction and compression reduce heat transfer to
suction gas, leading to high volumetric efficiency.
3. Volumetric efficiency is also high due to very low re-expansion losses and
continuous flow over a wide range of operating conditions.
4. High compression efficiency, low noise and vibration compared to
reciprocating compressors.
5. Compact with minimum number of moving parts.
6. Compression being smooth and practically continuous there is no
reciprocating pulsations.
7. Unlike the reciprocating compressor can tolerate some liquid flood back.
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