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Magnetic Declination Variations Explained

The document discusses magnetic declination, defined as the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which can be positive or negative depending on its direction. It outlines the variations of declination, including secular, annual, diurnal, and irregular variations, along with the concept of isogonic and agonic lines. Additionally, it addresses local attraction caused by various metallic objects that can affect magnetic readings.

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22 views11 pages

Magnetic Declination Variations Explained

The document discusses magnetic declination, defined as the angle between the magnetic and true meridians, which can be positive or negative depending on its direction. It outlines the variations of declination, including secular, annual, diurnal, and irregular variations, along with the concept of isogonic and agonic lines. Additionally, it addresses local attraction caused by various metallic objects that can affect magnetic readings.

Uploaded by

shareminator123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Compass surveying

DECLINATION
 Magnetic declination: The horizontal angle
which magnetic meridian makes with the true
meridian is called magnetic declination.
 Declination is said to Negative when it is in
west side
 Declination is said to Positive when it is in
east side
 Declination varies from place to place and
time to time
 Various of declination at various places
shown by isogonics lines
Isogonic line: These are lines passing
through points on the surface of the earth
at which the declination is the same at the
given time.

Agonic line: These are special isogonic


lines which pass through the points having
zero declination.
Variation of magnetic
declination
Basically there are four types of variations
which occurs in the magnetic declination.
 Secular variation

 Annual variation

 Diurnal variation

 Irregular variation
Secular variations
• The magnetic meridian swings like a pendulum.
• It swings in one direction for a long time of year
(100 to 150 years).
• After that gradually comes to the rest and then
swings in opposite direction.
• For example in London the declination was
110E in 1580 and 240 W in 1820
• The lines of equal annual change is called as
isopars.
Annual variations
• The variation of declination in from the mean
position of the year is called annual variation.

• Annual variation also changes from place to


place and from year to year.

• Annual variation generally small 1 to 2I.


Daily variation
• The variation of the declination in one day
from the mean position is called diurnal
variation.
• It is generally in the range of 3 to 12 minutes
at various places.
• The diurnal variation mainly depends upon
the following factors
• Locality, season, time, year
Irregular variations
• Magnetic disturbances or Magnetic storms in
the earth’s magnetic field cause irregular
variation of the declination at the place.

• Such variations are un certain, unpredictable


and random.

• Natural phenomena such as earthquakes,


volcanic eruptions.
Local attraction
• Local attraction is the attraction of the
magnetic field other than earth’s magnetic
field.
• Local attraction field cause by iron fences,
iron pipes, steel bars, vehicles, steel door
and windows, iron deposits etc.
• Small item i.e wrist watch, pen, belt buckle
, arrow

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