ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Lecture 02
AI Introduction and Background
CONTENTS
AI Introduction and Background
What is AI
Needs of AI
Historical Overview
Reason for AI
Advantages and Disadvantages of AI
2
What is AI?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on
the development of algorithms and systems capable of performing tasks
that typically require human intelligence.
Needs of AI
AI adds intelligence to existing products.
AI analyzes more and deeper data that have many hidden layers.
AI achieves incredible accuracy.
AI gets the most out of data.
AI automates repetitive learning and discovery through data.
Historical Overview of AI
Artificial Intelligence is not a new technology for researchers this
technology is much older than you would imagine.
Following are some milestones in the history of AI which defines the
journey from the AI generation to till date.
Historical Overview of AI
Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952):
Throughout this period, AI transitioned from a concept to tangible experiments and
practical applications.
Year 1950: Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in
which he proposed a test. The test can check the machine's ability to exhibit
intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence, called a Turing test.
Historical Overview of AI
The birth of Artificial Intelligence (1952-1956):
Here are notable occurrences from this era:
Year 1955: Allen Newell and Herbert Simon created the "first artificial intelligence
program“ Which was named as "Logic Theorist". This program had proved 38 of
52 Mathematics theorems.
Year 1956: The word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American Computer
scientist John McCarthy. For the first time, AI coined as an academic field.
Historical Overview of AI
The golden years-Early enthusiasm (1956-1974):
Year 1959: Arthur Samuel introduced the phrase "machine learning" in a paper in
which he proposed that computers could be programmed to surpass their creators in
performance.
Year 1966: Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named
ELIZA.
Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan, which was named
WABOT-1.
Historical Overview of AI
The first AI winter (1974-1980):
The duration between years 1974 to 1980 was the first AI winter
duration.
AI winter refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt with
a shortage of funding from government for AI researches.
During AI winters, the interest on artificial intelligence was decreased.
Historical Overview of AI
Deep learning, big data and artificial general intelligence (1980-present):
From 1980 to the present moment, significant advancements have unfolded within
the AI domain.
Google launched an Android app feature, "Google Now", which was able to provide
information to the user as a prediction.
Year 2022: In November, OpenAI launched ChatGPT, offering a chat-oriented
interface.
Historical Overview of AI
Now AI has developed to a remarkable level. The concept of Deep
learning, big data, and data science are now trending.
Nowadays companies like Google, Facebook, IBM, and Amazon
are working with AI and creating amazing devices.
The future of Artificial Intelligence is inspiring and will come with
high intelligence.
Reasons for AI
Enhances efficiency.
Frees up humans to do what they do best.
Adds jobs
Strengthens the economy.
Leads to loss of control.
Enhances our lifestyle.
Increases automation.
Reasons for AI
Elevates the condition of mankind
Solves complex social problems
Benefits multiple industries
Absolves humans from of all responsibility
Extends and expands creativity
Advantages of AI
Reduction in Human Error: Unlike humans, a computer machine can't make
mistakes if programmed correctly, while humans make mistakes from time to
time.
Reduce the Risk (Zero Risk): The technology of developing AI Robots can
overcome many risky limitations of humans and do risky things for us such
as defusing a bomb and exploring the deepest part of the ocean, etc.
24/7 Support: Unlike humans, a computer does not require breaks and
refreshers. A normal human can continue work till 8-9 hours, including breaks
and refreshers.
Advantages of AI
Perform Repetitive Jobs: We perform so many repetitive works in our day-to-day
life, such as automatic replies to emails, sending birthday and anniversary quotes and
verifying documents, etc.
Faster decision: Unlike humans, a machine helps to take decisions faster than a
human and carry out actions quicker. While taking a decision, humans analyze many
factors while the machine works on what it is programmed and delivers the results
faster.
Advantages of AI
New Inventions: For new inventions, AI is helping humans almost in each sector, it can be
healthcare, medical, educational, sports, technology, entertainment or research industry etc.
Using advanced AI-based technologies, doctors can predict various dangerous diseases like
cancer at a very early stage.
Daily Applications: Now, we are all completely dependent on mobile and the internet for
our daily routine.
Digital Assistance: Digital Assistance is one of the most powerful methods that help various
highly advanced organizations to interact with users without engaged human resources.
Disadvantages of AI
High production cost: AI will need repairing and maintenance, which need plenty of costs.
Risk of Unemployment: A robot is one of the implementations of Artificial intelligence, and
it is replacing jobs and leading to serve unemployment.
Increasing human's laziness: The new inventions of Artificial Intelligence are making
humans lazier towards their work, resulting in humans being completely dependent on
machines and robots.
Emotionless: There is no doubt that machines are much better when working efficiently, but it
is also true that they never replace the human's connection that makes the team.
Disadvantages of AI
Lack of creativity: The biggest disadvantage of Artificial Intelligence is its lack of
creativity. Artificial Intelligence is a technology that is completely based on pre-loaded
data.
No Ethics: Ethics and morality are the two most important features of humans, but it
isn't easy to incorporate both of these into Artificial Intelligence.
No improvement: Artificial Intelligence is a technology completely based on pre-
loaded data and experience, so it cannot be improved as human.
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Class Discussion
what are the long-term impacts of AI on employment, privacy, and
security?
How can individuals and policymakers should prepare for these
changes to overcome negative outcomes while improving AI?
Thank You…!