8086 Microprocessor
Introduction to 8086 Microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor is an enhanced version of 8085 Microprocessor.
It is a 16-bit Microprocessor.
8086 has a 20-bit address bus can access upto 2^20 (1 MB) memory locations and 16-bit data
lines.
It can support upto 64K I/O ports.
It provides 14, 16-bit registers.
It consists of powerful instruction set, which provides operations like multiplication and
division easily.
It supports two modes of operations, i.e. Maximum mode and Minimum mode. Maximum mode
is suitable for system having multiple processors and Minimum mode is suitable for system
having single processor.
Features of 8086
The most prominent features of a 8086 Microprocessor are as
follows –
It has an instruction queue, which is capable of storing 6 instruction
bytes from the memory resulting in faster processing.
It was the first 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers,
internal data bus, and 16-bit external data bus resulting in faster
processing.
Features of 8086 (Cont.)
It is available in 3 versions based on the frequency of operation
8086 5 MHz
8086-2 8 MHz
(c) 8086-1 10 MHz
It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute Stage,
which improves performance.
It has multiplexed address and data bus AD0 – AD15 and A16 – A19.
Features of 8086 (Cont.)
It requires single phase clock with 33% duty cycle to provide internal timing.
It can prefetches upto 6 instruction bytes from memory and queues them in
order to speed up instruction execution.
Execute stage executes these instructions.
It has 256 vectored interrupts.
It consists of 29,000 transistors.
It requires +5V power supply.
A 40-pin dual in line package.
Comparison between 8085 and 8086 Microprocessor
Size – 8085 is 8-bit Microprocessor, whereas 8086 is 16-bit Microprocessor.
Address bus – 8085 has 16-bit address bus while 8086 has 20-bit address bus.
Memory – 8085 can access up to 64 KB, whereas 8086 can access up to 1 MB of memory.
Instruction queue – 8085 doesn’t have an instruction queue, whereas 8086 has an
instruction queue.
Pipelining – 8085 doesn’t support a pipelined architecture while 8086 supports a
pipelined architecture.
I/O – 8085 can access 2^8=256 I/O’s, whereas 8086 can access 2^16=65,536 I/O’s.
Cost – The cost of 8085 is low whereas that of 8086 is high.