FACULTY OF HEALTH
AND ALLIED
SCIENCES,
DEPARTMENT OF
NURSING (RGN)
PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF IV
THERAPY
LEVEL 300
GROUP 0NE (1)
PRESENTATION OULINE
• INTRODUCTION
• INDICATIONS FOR IV THERAPY
• TYPES OF FLUIDS
• IV CANNULA’S
• PREPARATION FOR IV THERAPY
• ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE
• IV DRUG ADMINISTRATION
• COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY
• NURSING REPONSIBILITY
• BLOOD
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
TRANSFUSION 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 2
IINTRODUCTION
IV therapy is the administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into the
bloodstream. Used for rapid and effective treatment.
Nurses play a critical role in its preparation, administration, and monitoring.
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 3
INDICATIONS FOR IV THERAPY
• Dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Medication administration
• Blood transfusion
• Parenteral nutrition
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 4
TYPES OF IV FLUIDS
• Crystalloids
1. Isotonic crystalloids
• Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)
• Dextrose 5% in water (D5)
• Ringer Lactate
2. Hypotonic crystalloids
they have a lower solution concentration than plasma eg. 0.45% NaCl
3. Hypertonic crystalloids
these fluids have a high concentration than plasma and can be used in specific situations like
severe hyponatremia or increased intracranial pressure
• Colloids
1. Natural colloids eg. Albumin
2. Synthetic colloids eg. Dextran
• Blood and blood products
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 5
IV CANNULA
• The IV cannula is commonly known as an intravenous or IV catheter, a flexible
tube inserted into the vein to administer fluids, medication, blood and blood
products.
• They are categorized into,
1. Peripheral
2. Central
3. Draining cannulas
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 6
IV CANNULA
• PERIPHERAL IV CANNULA
These are the most common type,
used for short term intravenous
access in the arm or hand, they are
used for medication administration,
blood draws and fluid replacement.
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 7
IV CANNULA
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 8
IV CANNULA
DROP RATE
Eg. Give 1000 mL of Normal Saline over 8 hours using tubing with a 15 gtt/mL drop
factor.
DROP RATE
DROP RATE = 31.25 gtt/min
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 9
IV CANNULA
• CENTRAL LINE IV CANNULA
A central line (also known as a central
venous catheter, CVC) is a long, thin
tube inserted into a large vein—usually
in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest
(subclavian vein), or groin (femoral
vein)—to deliver medications, fluids,
blood, or nutrition directly into the
bloodstream or to monitor central
venous pressure.
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 10
IV CANNULA
DRAINING CANNULA
A draining cannula is a tube-like
medical device used to remove
(drain) unwanted fluids from the
body. It is not for injecting fluids, like
an IV cannula, but for draining pus,
blood, or other fluid collections from
areas such as abscesses, wounds,
body cavities, or surgical sites.
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 11
PREPARATION FOR IV THERAPY
• Check doctor’s order
• Gather equipment
• Identify the patient
• Explain procedure to patient and obtain consent.
• Perform hand hygiene and wear gloves
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 12
ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE
• Perform hand hygiene
• Wear gloves (examination/surgical)
• Select suitable vein and apply tourniquet
• Disinfect site and insert cannula
• Connect IV fluid and prime line
• Regulate flow rate and label the line
• Monitor site of cannulation for infiltration
• Perform hand hygiene
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 13
IV DRUG ADMINISTRATION
IV Bolus (Push): Rapid injection of a concentrated medication directly into a vein via
syringe over seconds to minutes, eg. Furosemide (Lasix), Ondansetron (Zofran)
IV Infusion (continuous or intermittent): Continuous delivery of large-volume fluids
or medications over hours using an infusion pump or gravity.
Examples: Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 14
COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY
• Infiltration
• Phlebitis
• Air embolism
• Fluid overload
• Infection
• Shock
• Nerve damage
• Hypothermia
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 15
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
• Monitor the patient closely for any acute weight gain or loss
• Keep an accurate record of all intake and output
• Assess for any signs of oedema
• Auscultate the lung sounds (crackles may be heard for fluid volume overload)
• Notify the doctor if urine output is less than 30mls within 2hours
• Examine the site for swelling, dislodgement of cannula, extravasation (infiltration)
of leakages.
• Observe for any discomfort
• Observe the drip chamber and ensure that it is not empty
• Observe the flow rate frequently
• Observe for signs of over- infusion such as dyspnoea, cough and enlargement of
cervical
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 16
TROLLEY FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS MEDICATIONS(INFUSIONS)
Requirements
1. A trolley containing the following:
a. Top Shelf
i. A sterile field with two sterile gallipot with a lid
2. Bottom Shelf
a. Cannula (Different sizes)
b. Tourniquet
c. Medication (Infusion bag/bottle, ampoule or vial)
d. Syringe and needle
e. Sterile glove
f. Sterile cotton in a pack
g. Antimicrobial solution (Methylated spirit)50Compiled by Sumani (D21)
h. Sterile water
i. Receiver for used items
j. Sharps container
k. Adhesive strips/tape
l. Mackintosh and dressing towel
m. Timer
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 17
TROLLEY FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
n. Timer
3. Giving set
4. Drip stand
Steps
5. Check for the right patient, right medication, right time, right dose against doctor’s order andtreatment
chart (manual or electronic) as well as the expiry date
6. Establish rapport (Refer to steps)
7. Explain procedure to patient and ensure patient’s right to know/consent and to refuse
8. Perform hand hygiene
9. Ensure quality of the infusion (check for cloudiness, sediments and other particles)
10. Prepare and send trolley and other equipment to the patient’s bedside
11. Read the label on the infusion and compare with patient’s treatment chart (manual orelectronic)
12. Encourage patient to use the washroom or serve a bedpan/urinal
13. Check vital signs and records
14. Select and inspect sites for administration
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 18
TROLLEY FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
11. Place infusion stand at the side of the bed and prepare adhesive strips/tape
12. Insert the piercing needle of giving set into the rubber seal of the infusion
bag/bottle
13. Hang the infusion bag/bottle on the drip stand
14. Remove the cap from the other end of the giving set and attach needle to it
15. Assist patient to assume a desirable position
16. Protect the bed with a mackintosh and dressing towel
17. Fill the chamber half way and expel air from the giving set
18. Perform hand hygiene using alcohol rub
19. Wears sterile gloves
20. Clean the site with antimicrobial solution (methylated spirit) with cotton swab
21. Ask assistant to apply tourniquet to locate the vein
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei 07/28/2025 05:01 AM 19
TROLLEY FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
• 22. Introduce the cannula into the vein
• 23. Remove the metallic stylet and put it in the sharps container
• 24. Release the tourniquet and connect the giving set
• 25. Secure cannula into position and check for infiltration or haematoma
• 26. Remove glove and perform hand hygiene
• 27. Regulate the flow rate as ordered with the aid of a timer
• 28. Reposition patient appropriately in bed
• 29. Observe patient for any adverse reaction
• 30. Encourage patient to report any adverse reaction
• 31. Check infusion rate accuracy after ten (10) minutes and continue to
observe the site ofinsertion for swelling
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Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
TROLLEY FOR INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
• 32. Record time of setting up, type and amount of fluid on the
treatment, intake and outputchart
• 33. Document procedure on nurses’ notes (manually or electronically)
• 34. Dispose off used items and decontaminate trolley
• 35. Perform hand hygiene
• 36. Check on patient after thirty (30) minutes for therapeutic effect
07/28/2025 05:01 AM 21
Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• Autologous blood transfusion
• Heterogeneous (donor) blood transfusion
• Indications of blood transfusion
1. To increase blood volume after surgery, haemorrhage or trauma
2. To provide clotting factors (in plasma) for patients with DIC, haemophilia etc.
3. To increase the number of RBC's in clients with anaemia
4. To provide platelets to patients with low platelet counts especially those on
chemotherapy
5. To replace lost plasma protein in severe burns
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Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• Forms of blood transfused include:
• Platelets
• Fresh frozen plasma
• Whole blood
• Packed cells
• Nurses responsibilities for safe blood transfusion
• Explain procedure and obtain informed consent
• Never order a blood to be transfused to patient
• Two nurses are required to crosscheck blood for the right patient, correct blood type,
expiry date.(they must both sign their names in the nurses notes)
• Check patency of IV line
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Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• Check patient's vital sign and observe any anomalies.
• Administer pre-medication if prescribed
• Offer bed pan or urinal bowl before commencement of
blood transfusion.
• Check vital signs 15minutes after the commencement of transfusion,
after 30 minutes, then hourly till transfusion is completed.
• Monitor the flow rates
• Observe for signs of transfusion reaction such as urticaria rash,
elevated temperature, shivering
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Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
• Complications of blood transfusion
• Infection usually with;
• Fever
• Embolism
• Circulatory overload
• Hyperthermia
• Coagulopathy
• Urticaria rash
• Pulmonary oedema characterised by dyspnoea
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Presenter Dr D.J. Dei
PARTICIPANTS
NAME INDEX NUMBERS
KANGAH BOADI GODFRED 43349623
HAFIZA AKUMANYI 43341723
BAMFO ABIGAIL 43321023
LAWRENCIA MINNA AGYEMAN 43332623
EUNICE KOOMSON 43331823
PRISCILLA ASANTE 43349323
ABIGAIL KAFUI OKRAH 43335523
BENEDICTA EDUABAAH 43349523
SARPONG PHILEMON YEBOAH 43348523
GRACE MARIAN KOOMSON 43347423
EUGENE NYARKO 43314223
DIANA BAAH 43326723
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PARTICIPANTS
NAME INDEX NUMBER
BACHINO SUSANA 43343723
FREDERICK ASMAH 43320823
AGNES OSEI 43320121
AKABUTU STEPHEN DODZI 43338823
ISAAC AGYEMAN 43328823
07/28/2025 05:01 AM 27