Research

Problem
a statement that
promptly suggests for
conducting an
investigation
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 deals with some concerns in a
particular field that may need
an improvement or a solution

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 The researcher must
observe gaps in existing
scholarly literature,
theories, and practices
to come up with a good
and relevant research
problem.
Sources of
Research
Problem
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 1. Theory
✗The researcher may observe if
there is a gap between theory
and practice. Difference
between what is said by the
elders and what the youngsters
see and observe may be a
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 2. Practitioners
Consult the people who have
direct experiences in a field of
interest to have an idea of what
relevant problem he/she may
investigate.
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 2. Practitioners
 Teachers
 Social Workers
 Health Care Providers, etc.

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 3. Personal
Experience
 Daily experiences
 Observation on what is
happening in the
community
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 4. Relevant literature
Extensive and thorough
review of literature and
studies relevant to the
problem interest of the
researcher may enable
him/her to come up with a
potential study. 10
Considerations
in Formulating
the Research
Problem
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 1. External Criteria
b. c. Support of the
a. Novelty Availability academic
of subjects community

newnes available 
participants administrators
s who can  teachers
provide  Staff
data for the  Students
 parents
study 12
d. Availability and
adequacy of facilities and
equipment
computers
telephones
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 e. Ethical Considerations
A research problem, when
subjected to a study, must
not pose any unethical
demands most especially
on the part of the research
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2. Internal Criteria

1. Qualifications of
the researcher.
a. enough
knowledge and
training 15
b. Motivation and
interest of the
researcher
 satisfaction and
enjoyment
 completion of the
research tasks will be
efficiently attained.
c. Time factor

time-efficient
time frame
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d. Costs and
returns
cost-efficient

not expensive
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e. Hazards and
handicaps
Safe both to the
participants and the
researcher
Researcher physical and
mental health is
considered.
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 Research Title
helps readers see the
main idea and the
summary of the study
15 substantive words, all
caps, center
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 Research Title
Avoid abbreviation as
well as some word
constructions like
“method,” “result,” and
“investigation.” 21
 Research Title

Includes participants and

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 Example:
THE ‘NEED TO
TRANSCEND’: A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
STUDY ON THE LIVED
EXPERIENCES OF
MILLENNIAL TEACHERS 23
 Examples:

THIS TOO SHALL PASS: A

CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM
AMONG GRADE 11 STUDENTS AT
STA. CRUZ PINGKIAN HIGH
SCHOOL
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 Example:

REASONS OF TARDINESS
AMONG GRADE 12 STUDENTS
AT STA. CRUZ PINGKIAN HIGH
SCHOOL
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Rationale of the Study

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According to Merriam-
Webster, a rationale is:
1 : an explanation of
controlling principles of
opinion, belief, practice,
or phenomena
2 : an underlying 28
 A rationale pertains to the
reasons why the study
must be conducted.
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 Is there a need to
conduct a study about
your chosen research
topic? Does it pose a
significant research
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How to Write the
Rationale of the Study

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1. Existing Literature - a
background on what
researches have already
been done about the
given subject. 32
2. Relevance to
Local/Global Context -
situational
interconnectedness of
individuals or things in 33
3. Critical
Background/Contextual
Information - circumstances
forming a background of an
event, idea or subject, that
enables the readers to 34
4. Research Gap - problems,
issues or questions that
have not been addressed or
are yet to be understood.

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5. Proof of Urgency - an
urgent need to solve the
existing problem.
6. Research Goal/Objective -
the purpose why there is a
need for the proposed study 36
The Statement of the
Problem

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After the researcher has
clearly presented the
rationale of the problem,
the formulation of the
targeted and well-defined
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This study aims to
determine the reasons of
absenteeism of grade 11
students at Sta. Cruz
Pingkian High School for
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Specifically, this study seeks
answers to the following
research questions:
1. What are the reasons of
absenteeism of grade 11
students?
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Significance of the study
The findings of the study
would be beneficial to the
following beneficiaries:
Students. The students
will be benefited with the
result of this study in the
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study would lessen the
absenteeism of the students at
Sta. Cruz Pingkian High
School.

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 What’s your hashtag
about the lesson today?

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Write Yes if the given
situation indicates good
practice in the selection
of the problem or in the
formulation of the title
and No if not. 44
1. Harold conducts a
study which has
already been done in
his school with similar
objective and
participants 45
2. Jessica pursues her
study because she
observes that there are
existing research gaps in
her field of interest.
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3. To make her
research title
appears brief, April
used the abbreviation
of a terminology.
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4. The research
problem proposed by
Ulysses requires more
time and may exceed
the target time frame
when it is subjected into
a study. 48
5. Bea capitalizes all
the first letters of each
word appearing in her
research title.
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