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Protecting the Operating System

The document outlines the operation of computer systems, highlighting the concurrent execution of CPUs and I/O devices managed by device controllers with local buffers. It describes dual-mode operation in operating systems, which distinguishes between user and kernel modes to protect system integrity, and the use of timers to prevent resource hogging. Additionally, it explains how interrupts are utilized for communication between device controllers and the CPU, as well as for managing process execution time.

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Upasana Bhardwaj
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5 views6 pages

Protecting the Operating System

The document outlines the operation of computer systems, highlighting the concurrent execution of CPUs and I/O devices managed by device controllers with local buffers. It describes dual-mode operation in operating systems, which distinguishes between user and kernel modes to protect system integrity, and the use of timers to prevent resource hogging. Additionally, it explains how interrupts are utilized for communication between device controllers and the CPU, as well as for managing process execution time.

Uploaded by

Upasana Bhardwaj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Computer-System Operation

• I/O devices and the CPU can execute


concurrently
• Each device controller is in charge of a particular
device type
• Each device controller has a local buffer
• CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from
local buffers
• I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller
• Device controller informs CPU that it has finished
its operation by causing an interrupt
Computer System Organization
• Computer-system operation
– One or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing
access to shared memory
– Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles
Operating-System Operations
• Dual-Mode Operation
Dual-mode operation allows OS to protect itself and other system components.
User mode and kernel mode Mode bit provided by hardware Provides ability to
distinguish when system is running user code or kernel code.
Some instructions designated as privileged, only executable in kernel mode.
System call changes mode to kernel, return from call resets it to user Transition
from User to Kernel Mode
• Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources Set interrupt
after specific period
• Operating system decrements counter
• When counter zero generate an interrupt
• Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate program
that exceeds allotted time

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