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Structure of Nucleic Acids Explained

This document summarizes the basic structure of nucleic acids. It describes that nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides which contain a phosphate group, sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base. The nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide. It also notes that DNA exists as two antiparallel chains that coil around each other in the shape of a double helix.

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Siddarth Singh
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34 views5 pages

Structure of Nucleic Acids Explained

This document summarizes the basic structure of nucleic acids. It describes that nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides which contain a phosphate group, sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and nitrogenous base. The nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide. It also notes that DNA exists as two antiparallel chains that coil around each other in the shape of a double helix.

Uploaded by

Siddarth Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Structure of Nucleic Acids

Acid
Monophosphate Diphosphate Triphosphate

5 4

Base
1 Adenine

Sugar
3

Guanine Purine Thymine Cytosine Pyrimidine 2 Uracil

Ribose, Deoxyribose

Nucleoside (Adenosine)
Nucleotide (Adenosine monophosphate, AMP)

Nucleotides Linked by Phosphodiester Bond

5
PO4
2-

1
3
O O-P=O O OH PO4
2-

2
3 OH

Phosphodiester bond

5 P 1 R P 2 R P 3 R P 4 R P 5 R P 6 R 3

A kind of phospho-polysaccharides

The Notation for Nucleic Acids


A T C G A T C G

5
P OH

R
P 5

1 2 3

pApTpCpGpApTpCpG-OH 3
5 pATCGATCG-OH 3

ATCGATCG

The Two Chains of DNA Are Antiparallel

5
5

pApTpCpGpApTpCpG-OH 3
5 5

pCpGpApTpCpGpApT-OH 3
3

Characteristics of Double Helix

5
1
2

36

3
4 5

Small groove

Large groove
7
8 9

10

1 Twist = 10.5 bp

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