R L JALAPPA POLYTECHNIC
Institution/College Code: 599
(A Unit of Sri Devaraj Urs Educational Trust,Tamaka, Kolar)
(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to DTE, Karnataka)
Dargajogahalli. Kodigehalli
Doddaballapur-561203
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
S U B J E C T: P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T
SKILLS
SUBJECT CODE: 20PM01T
U N I T- 4
PROJECT PLANNING,
SCHEDULING AND
MONITORING
DEFINE PROJECT EVALUATION.
ProjectEvaluation is a step-by-step process of
collecting, recording and organizing information
about project results, including short-term and
longer-term project outcomes
LIST WHY THE PROJECT EVALUATION IS IMPORTANT?
OR
WHY PROJECT EVALUATION NEEDED IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT CYCLE?
OR
ANALYZE, WHY THE PROJECT EVALUATION IS IMPORTANT?
Project evaluation provides answers to
several questions such as:
Progress made.
Effective and efficient use of resources.
Desired output achieved.
Improvements to be made for better
outcome.
Success factors
Whether the results justify the input etc.
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES IN MONITORING AND
EVALUATION?
Getting the commitment to do it.
Establishing base lines at the beginning of
the project
Finding the time to do it and sticking to it
Getting feedback from your stakeholders
Reporting back to your stakeholders
LIST THE TOOLS USED IN PROJECT PLANNING
Gantt chart
Network techniques
Project design chart
Time estimate
Flow chart
Work breakdown structure
Critical path method
PERT
Bar chart
LIST THE NEED FOR PROJECT PLANNING
OR
STATE THE NEED OF PROJECT PLANNING IN
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
To eliminate or reduce uncertainty
To improve efficiency of the operation
To obtain a better understanding of the
objectives
To provide a basis for monitoring and
controlling the work
STATE THE NATURE OF PROJECT PLANNING.
Scope: It states the methods and procedures
of each work and the name of the person
responsible for work
Schedule: It states the estimated time
required to complete each work
Cost: It is stated in the project budget
DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF PROJECT
PLANNING.
Following are the functions of project
planning:
It should provide a basis for organizing the
work on the project.
It allocates the responsibilities to individuals.
It is a means of communication and
coordination between all those involved in
the project.
It induces the people to look ahead.
It gives a sense of urgency and time
consciousness.
It establishes the basis for monitoring and
controlling.
EXPLAIN STEPS IN PROJECT
PLANNING
Step 1: Collect all the available data for the
decision making.
Step 2: Define each alternative and analyze
the impact of alternative
Step 3: Select the proper alternative
LIST THE PRINCIPLES FOR FORMATION OF
PROJECT POLICIES
Project policies must be formulated on
the basis of following principles:
It must be based upon the known principles
in the operating areas.
It should be complementary for co-
ordination.
It should be definite, understandable and
preferably in writing
It should be flexible and stable.
It should be reasonably comprehensive in
scope.
EXPLAIN PROJECT SCHEDULING?
It is a procedure of assigning tasks or
activities to get them completed well within
an allocated budget and specified time
schedule.
Scheduling suggests when to start and how
much to be done.
Scheduling usually consists of the planned
start date and finish date.
Scheduling is critical component for effective
time management.
LIST THE PURPOSES OF PROJECT SCHEDULING
OR
STATE THE PURPOSE OF PROJECT SCHEDULING
To obtain time based commitment to various
project activities.
To communicate these commitments to project
manage.
To ensure coordination among the project leader
and the team members with respect to the
commitments.
To adopt the schedule or commitment to the
changing circumstances
ANALYZE THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The objectives and policies are very
important while planning the project.
If the project team progress is not clear . It is
difficult to give excellent skills and good
result.
Well defined objectives and policies serve as
the framework for the decisions to be made
by the project manager.
Policies are the general guide for decision
making on individual actions.
The objectives of the project may be
technical objectives, performance objectives,
time and cost goals.
DISTINGUISH OPTIMISTIC TIME,
MOST LIKELY TIME AND
PESSIMISTIC TIME.
(a) Optimistic time : The optimistic time is the
time required to complete the activity if no hurdles
or complications arise.
(b) Most likely time : The most likely time is the
time in which the activity is most likely to be
completed. This estimates takes into consideration
normal circumstances, making allowances for some
unforeseen delays.
(c) Pessimistic time : The pessimistic time is the
time required if unusual complications or unforeseen
difficulties arise.
ANALYSE “SMART” TOOL FOR SETTING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.
EXPLAIN
A goal is a general statement of what should be done
to solve a problem.
Objectives are a finite subset of a goal and should be
specific in order to be achievable.
The objectives should be "SMART."
They should be:
i. Specific: clear about what, where, when, and how the
situation will be changed
ii. Measurable: able to quantify the targets and benefits
iii. Achievable: able to attain the objectives
iv. Realistic: able to obtain the level of change reflected
in the objective and
v. Time bound: stating the time period in which they
will each be accomplished
EXPLAIN TIME ESTIMATE?
Time Estimate:
While designing a project, it is essential to fix time
target for each and every activities of the project.
It helps to complete the projects as per time schedule
through which it can enjoy optimum benefits.
Time estimate can be made by making a work break
down of the project, estimating the time schedules
for each work, putting them in proper sequence.
The time estimation for completing a project
depends not only on the work content/sequence but
is also influenced by resources and constraints.
The basic factors involving in the time estimation are
work, constraints, resources and also the data
available.
DESCRIBE SITUATION ANALYSIS AND MENTION AT-
LEAST SIX TECHNIQUES TO COLLECT
INFORMATION TO CONDUCT SITUATION ANALYSIS
Situation analysis is a process through which the general
characteristics and-problems of a community are identified.
It involves the identification and definition of the characteristics and
problems specific to
particular categories of people in the community.
It is done through collecting information necessary to understand the
community as a whole and individuals within the community.
SIX TECHNIQUES ARE:
Document's review
Surveys
Interviews
Observations
Listening to people
Brainstorming
Problem tree
EXPLAIN GANTT CHART WITH
SUITABLE EXAMPLE
Gantt charts:
Gantt chart is the oldest formal planning tool
designed by Henry Gantt in 1993.
Under this, the activities of project are broken down
into a series of well-defined jobs of short duration
whose cost and time can be estimated.
It is a picture in which the activities / jobs are
represented by horizontal bars in the time axis.
The length of the bar indicates the estimated time for
the job/ activity.
The left hand end of the bar shows the beginning
time, the right hand the ending time.
The manpower required for the activity is shown by a
number on the bar.
EXPLAIN BAR CHART WITH
SUITABLE EXAMPLE
Bar charts:
Bar charts are the two-dimensional pictorial representation
of a project.
In a bar chart, the activities of the project are shown on one
axis and their durations are represented on the other axis.
The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.
A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column chart.
A bar chart helps to review the project progress, allows for
rescheduling the project and highlights the critical activities
and other bottlenecks in the completion of the project.
A bar chart, however, is normally suited to small projects.
It cannot take into account the uncertainties in activity
duration nor represent the
Inter-relationships between the various activities of the
project.