THROMBOPOIESIS
Process of formation of Thrombocytes
SIMRAN MEENA 105
Index
• Definition
• Overview of Platelets
• Site of Thrombopoiesis
• Stages of Thrombopoiesis
• Regulation of Thrombopoiesis
• Applied
• Summary
Thrombopoiesis
• The development of platelets in the bone marrow is called thrombopoiesis
or thrombocytopoiesis.
Caption
OVERVIEW OF PLATELETS
• Platelets are the smallest formed elements of blood.
• They are anuclear fragments of Megakaryocytes which are giant cells in
the bone marrow.
• 70% in circulation and 30% sequestered in spleen.
• Splenomegaly leads to Thrombocytosis.
• Hypersplenism leads to thrombocytopenia.
SITE OF THROMBOPOIESIS
• Foetal life
Yolk sac —> Liver —> Spleen —> Bone Marrow
• Postnatal life
Red bone marrow ( primarily in vertebrae,
sternum,ribs,pelvis)
Stages of thrombopoiesis
• Occurs in three broad steps.
1. Formation of megakaryoblast from hemopoietic stem
cells( Pluripotent stem cells, committed stem cells and CFU-Mega)
2. Megakaryopoiesis: This is formation of megakaryocyte
(promegakaryocyte, basophil megakaryocyte, granular
megakaryocyte and mature megakaryocyte from
megakaryoblast.
3. Formation of platelets from megakaryocytes.
Regulation of thrombopoiesis
• The production and release of platelets from bone marrow remains
normally constant.
• Production of platelets is enhanced by removal of platelets from
blood(thrombocytopheresis) and decreased by transfusion of platelets.
• This indicates that a feedback regulatory mechanism exists for platelet
production.
• Thrombopoietin, interleukins(ILs), and GM-CSF control thrombopoiesis.
• Thrombopoietin stimulates differentiation and proliferation of
megakaryocytes.
• Interleukin- 1, IL-3, IL-6, and IL- 11, stimulate platelet production.
• GM-CSF is produced by monocytes, T- lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and
endothelial cells. It stimulates granulopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
Applied
Summary
• Platelets are sub cellular elements produced by pinching off from
megakaryocytes.
• Formation of platelets from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow is known
as thrombopoiesis.
• Thrombopoietin stimulates megakaryocyte maturation.
• Thrombocytopenia increases risk of bleeding.
• Thrombocytosis increases risk of Thrombosis.
• Splenomegaly causes thrombocytopenia as platelets are destroyed in
spleen.
• Platelet count less than 50,000 per cu mm of blood is called critical count
as bleeding is significant below this count.
• Drugs like IL-11 and Romiplostim stimulate thrombopoiesis in therapy.
Q&A
• Thrombopoietin is primarily produced by:
A. Bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Liver
D. Thymus
• In cases of thrombocytopenia, the expected response of the bone marrow is:
A. Decreased megakaryocytes
B. Increased megakaryocytes
C. No change in megakaryocytes
D. Replacement of megakaryocytes with lymphocytes
• Which factor inhibits thrombopoiesis?
A. Interleukin-11
B. TGF-β
C. Thrombopoietin
D. Interleukin-6
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