Re c a l l
…
From Grade 7-9, you
have learned about:
Taxonomy of Living
Things
Causes of Extinction
WHAT IS
EVOLUTION?
Evolution refers to
any change in the
genetic
composition of a
population of
organisms over
time.
SOURCES OF
EVIDENCES
OF
EVOLUTION
DANETA JEAN C.
REALUBIN
Teacher III
FOSSILS
HINT OF EVOLUTION
FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
AMINO ACID
DID YOU
KNOW?
A famous dutch
scientist, found
no less than 44
pieces of
Stegodon teeth
and 1 Stegodon
ivory in Anda,
Pangasinan.
These are
called
FOSSILS –
traces of
organisms
that lived
in the past
and were
preserved
by natural
process.
Remains of
organisms
include:
Bones
Shells
Teeth
Stems
Feces
embedded in
rocks, peat,
resin, and
Sedimentar
y rocks are
the one type
which can
contain
fossils beca
use these
rocks are
formed on
the Earth
surface, PECTEN on a
under the Sedimentary Rock
water,
at very low
COMPRESSION IMPRESSION
FOSSIL has more FOSSIL
organic material. Has shallow
external molds
Determining
the age of
rocks
RELATIVE
DATING
is a method used
to determine the
age of the rocks
by
comparing them
with the rocks in
[Link] is assumed
to be the oldest
organism?
[Link] what era can you
possibly find the most
recent fossil? Why do
you say so?
3. Describe how
organisms are
arranged in the table.
Determining
the age of
rocks
RELATIVE DATING
The fossils of
invertebrates found at
the bottom part of the
rock layer suggest that
invertebrates are
probably one of the
first and oldest
organisms
Determining
the age of
rocks
RADIOMETRIC
DATING
is a method used to
determine the age
of the rocks by
using the decay of
radioactive
isotopes present
Determining
the age of
rocks
RADIOMETRIC DATING
All organisms have decaying carbon-14
in it. Plants and animals that are
still alive constantly replace the supply
of carbon in their body and the amount
of carbon -14 in their body stays the
same. When an organism dies,
carbon-14
Determining
the age of
rocks
CARBON-14 DATING
is used to tell the age
of organic materials.
Art collectors
use carbon dating to
determine if a piece of
artwork is genuine or
What’s my age?
What’s my age?
1. What is the
oldest fossil?
2. Why is it
important to
know the age
of the fossil?
Out of the examination of layers of
rocks and dating fossils, scientists
were able to develop the Geologic
Time Scale.
The Geologic Time Scale shows
the major events in the Earth’s
history. It also shows the
appearance of various
kinds of organisms in a particular
period of time on earth.
FOSSILS
HINT OF EVOLUTION
FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
AMINO ACID
Evolutionary Patterns
from Comparative
Anatomy
Comparative anatomy
refers to the study of the
similarities and
differences in the
anatomy of two species.
TWO STRUCTURES
OF COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
Structures from different
species which have similar
internal framework,
position, and embryonic
development are
considered to be
TWO STRUCTURES OF
COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
may perform different
functions in the species living
in the different environment
or it may have the same
origin
Here are some examplebut different
of homologous structures: forelimbs of
dog, bird, lizard, andfunctions.
whale, which are structurally the same,
but functionally different.
TWO STRUCTURES OF
COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
Structures of unrelated species
may evolve to look alike, because
the
structure is adapted to similar
function. Analogous structures
have similar functions but
different origin.
TWO STRUCTURES
OF COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
Examples are wings of birds, bats, and insects that
have the same function but different in origin.
The presence of homologous
structures is a strong indicator that
the organisms evolved from
common ancestors. This type of
evolution is called divergent
evolution.
Divergent evolution is the splitting
of
an ancestral population into two or
more subpopulations that are
geographically isolated from
Convergence is an increase in
similarities among species
derived from different ancestors as
a result of similar adaptation to
similar environment.
In Convergent evolution, analogous
structures of unrelated organisms
from different ancestors develop
similar function such as butterfly
wings and bird wings.
H if the structures below are homologous and A if they are analogous.
Can you say that
human, whale and
bat might belong to a
common ancestral
group? Explain why.
Yes, because their forelimbs
A are made up of same kinds
of bones that just vary in
size and function differently,
suggest tha`t they share a
common ancestor.
FOSSILS
HINT OF EVOLUTION
FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
AMINO ACID
SEQUENCE
Patterns of
Embryonic Developmen
Embryonic Development
An embryo is an early
stage of development in
organisms. Embryonic
development include
stages such as blastula,
gastrula, and
1. In what stages of
development of the
organisms above show
similarities?
The first and second stages
of development of the
organisms show better
similarities.
2. Identify the structure, how
and where are they similar?
The shape of head, lower
parts of the body, and
forelimbs.
3. In stage 3, identify the
structures that made the
organisms different from each
other?
Organisms are different in size,
shape of the head, hind limbs,
forelimbs, structure of the
eyes, etc.
4. Can embryonic development
be an evidence that evolution
took place? Explain
Similarity in structures may
suggest that organisms share
common ancestors.
Patterns of
Embryonic
Development
Species that are closely
related exhibit similar
embryonic development
although in the adult stage
the organisms are quite
different.
FOSSILS
HINT OF EVOLUTION
FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
AMINO ACID
SEQUENCE
Evidence from
Amino Acid
Sequence
Amino Acid Sequence
A gene shared by two
closely related
organisms should have
similar, or even
identical, amino acid
sequences
1. Based on the activity, which
organism is closely related to
humans?
2. Which organism is least
related to humans?
3. What organism appears to be least related to
humans?
4. In Tables 6 and 7, which pair of organisms
appears to be more related to each other? Which
pair of organisms is the least related to each other?
Why did you say so?
5. If the amino acid sequence of the two organisms
are similar, would their DNA be also similar? Why?
6. Do you think the chimpanzee, gorilla, and
humans have a common ancestry? Explain your
answer.
Evidence from
Amino Acid
Sequence
Amino Acid
Sequence
The greater the similarity in
amino acid sequence, the
closer the relationship of
the organisms.
PERFORMANCE TASK 5:
IN A SHORT BOND PAPER, MAKE A SLOGAN
OR POSTER HOW THE SOURCES OF
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION PROVE THAT
EVOLUTION TOOK PLACE.
CHOOSE ONE FROM THE SOURCES OF
EVOLUTION
FOSSILS
HINT OF EVOLUTION FROM COMPARATIVE
ANATOMY
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE