Threaded Fasteners
Prepared by:
Er. Bibek Magar
BE in Automobile Engineering
IOE, Thapathali Campus
[Link]@[Link]
Prepared by Er. Bibek Magar ( [Link]@[Link])
Introduction
• Threaded fasteners are temporary fasteners. They are useful because parts connected by threaded
fasteners can be readily separated as and when required. Some common examples of threaded fasteners
are bolts, nuts and screws.
• Usually a machine is built up by assembling various parts that are connected to each other by threaded
fasteners so that they can be easily disconnected for repair and maintenance.
• In this Lecture, we are going to learn about the basic concepts of representing threaded fasteners in Engineering
drawing.
• Primarily, the lecture is focused on learning how to draw:
• Hexagonal nut, and bolt
• Square bolt
• Stud
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Some Important Terminologies
• External thread : It is a continuous helical ridge on the external surface of a
cylinder. Threads on bolts, studs or screws are examples of external threads.
• Internal thread : It is a thread on the internal surface of a cylinder. The thread on
the surface of a hole of a nut is an internal thread.
• Pitch (P) : The distance between the corresponding points on adjacent threads
measured parallel to the axis is known as the pitch of the thread.
• Crest : It is the edge of the thread surface farthest from the axis in the case of
external threads and nearest to the axis in the case of internal threads.
• Root : It is the edge of the thread surface nearest to the axis in the case of
external threads and farthest from the axis in the case of internal threads.
• Major diameter : It is the diameter of an imaginary coaxial cylinder just touching
the crests of the external threads or the roots of internal threads. It is the largest
diameter of a screw thread. In the case of external threads, the major diameter is
also known as the outside diameter or crest diameter.
• Minor diameter : It is the diameter of an imaginary coaxial cylinder just touching
the roots of external threads or the crests of internal threads. It is the smallest
diameter of a screw thread. In the case of external threads, the minor diameter is
also known as the core diameter or root diameter
• Nominal diameter : It is the diameter by which the threads are designated.
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d1
Hexagonal Bolt
d
d2
Empirical Formulae for constructing a hexagonal bolt
• d = nominal diameter
• d1 = 2 d
30°
t
R3
• d2 = 0.8 d R2
R1
• t = thickness of head = 0.75 d
• x = Total length of the shank
• y = threaded portion of the shank
x
• R3 = 1.5d
y
• R1, and R2 are found from geometrical
construction
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Hexagonal Nut
d1
d
Empirical Formulae for constructing a d2
hexagonal nut
• d = nominal diameter
• d1 = 2 d
• d2 = 0.8 d
• t = thickness of head = d
• The radius on the faces due to chamfer are
constructed using the same method used for
the bolt.
d
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Metric System Pitch of the thread Total length of the Shank
Hexagonal Head
Hex M16 × 1.5 × 40/60
Nominal Diameter Threaded portion of the Shank
W
Square Bolt d
d1
Empirical Formulae for constructing a Square bolt
• d = nominal diameter
R
• W = 1.5d + 3
• d1 = 0.8 d
t
• t = thickness of head = 0.8 d
• x = Total length of the shank
• y = threaded portion of the shank
• R = 2d
x
y
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Solved
Examples:
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Q1) Make the conventional three views of Hex M16 ×3 × 40/60
R2
30°
R1
R3
30°
Q2) Make the conventional three views M16 nut.
Q3) Make the conventional views of Stud M20 20/60.
Q4) Make the conventional views of SQ bolt of M20.
R
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