Tube
By :Mr. Muhammadullah
definition
• Any things that’s is hollow or
cylindrical in shaped used to removed
fluid or air from the body and also used
to administered food and liquids to the
body to maintained normal body
function due to injury to mouth and
digestive track . Mostly its used after
surgery to the mouth and digestive
track.
Types of tube
• Chest Tubes
• Nasogastric Tubes
• Gastrostomy Tubes
• Nasointestinal Tubes
• Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube
Chest tube
• Chest tubes are flexible, clear plastic drains
that are inserted into the chest cavity.
• They are used to drain air, fluid, blood or
pus into a water seal collection device, such
as a Pleur-Evac.
• Depending on the circumstances, more
than one chest tube may be required on the
same side, or they may be required
bilaterally.
• Chest tubes have holes (known as eyes) in the
end that is inserted into the chest to allow for
flow of drainage into the tube, and the other
end is attached to the collection device.
• Chest tubes come with a sharp metal trocar
that can be used to insert the chest tube.
• Whether or not the trocar is used depends on
the circumstances and surgeon preference.
Cont---
• Chest tubes are generally secured in place with
a pursestring suturing method to enable easier
wound closure upon removal of the tube.
• Chest tubes are available in a variety of
[Link] size used depends on patient size
and circumstances.
• Generally, a smaller tube (18 to 22 Fr) is used to
treat an adult with a pneumothorax, whereas a
larger tube (26 to32 Fr) is used in the presence
of a hemothorax (blood) or empyema (pus).
Cont---
Nasogastric Tubes
• Nasogastric tubes are inserted through the
nose into the back of the throat, down the
esophagus and into the stomach.
• These tubes are used most commonly to
decompress the stomach but can be used for
gastric lavage (in drug overdoses), for enteral
feedings, or to obtain specimens for analysis.
• These tubes are for short-term use (usually less
than 6 weeks). Prolonged usage could lead to
necrosis of the nasal septum.
Salem sump tube
• The Salem sump tube is the most widely
used nasogastric tube. It is made of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) plastic. This tube is double-
lumened to allow for suction drainage and
air ventilation. The drainage lumen is usually
connected to continuous low suction.
• The ventilation lumen helps to keep the tube
away from the stomach wall and to decrease
the chance of damage to the mucosa.
• If irrigation is necessary, the ventilation
port can be used for this purpose. A
radiopaque line runs the length of the
tube to allow for radiographic
conformation of placement.
• Salem sump tubes are available in 24-
inch length (for pediatric patients), 36-
and 48-inch lengths . The available
diameters range from 6 Fr to 18 Fr.
Levin tube
• The Levin tube is another type of nasogastric
tube. The Levin tube is a single-lumen tube made
of rubber or PVC plastic. The plastic tube is used
more commonly because it contains a radiopaque
strip to allow for radiographic confirmation of
tube placement.
• It is used to aspirate stomach contents or instill
medication. This type of tube is attached to
intermittent low suction. Levin tubes are 50
inches long and are available in 6-Fr to 24-Fr
diameters.
Cont-----
Gastrostomy Tubes
• A gastrostomy tube is placed, endoscopically
or surgically, directly into the patient’s
stomach. These tubes can be temporary or
permanent.
• They are used for patients who cannot
swallow correctly or continually aspirate
food, for people who cannot take in enough
food by mouth to keep well nourished and
for infants with birth defects of the mouth or
esophagus.
• The tube can be used to instill tube feedings
and medication or to aspirate air and
stomach contents
• Gastrostomy tubes come in a variety of styles
but have some common features . All of them
have a balloon at the distal tip that is inflated
to keep them in place.
• They all have at least one port to allow
instillation of enteral feedings, fluids or
medications.
• Some tubes have two or more ports so
that feedings do not have to be
interrupted to give medications or to
allow for gastric decompression.
• Gastrostomy tubes are made of silicone
and have a radiopaque strip to allow for
radiographic confirmation of placement.
• The most common sizes of these tubes are
12-Fr (pediatric) through 24-Fr diameters.
• One common style of gastrostomy tube is
known as a feeding peg or button These are
generally used if long-term or permanent
use is anticipated. These tubes are available
in 14-Fr through 24-Fr diameters, in a
variety of stoma lengths (1.5 to 4.0 cm) to
accommodate most patients.
Cont---
Nasointestinal Tubes
• Nasointestinal tubes are longer than
nasogastric tubes and are designed to
treat a small bowel obstruction. They
have a weighted distal end and rely on
peristalsis to move them along the
intestinal tract to relieve the
obstruction.
• The older styles, such as the single-
lumen Cantor or Harris tube or double-
lumen Miller-Abbott tube have a
mercury filled balloon at the distal end.
These tubes are not commonly used
because there is a chance that the
balloon might rupture, and mercury
would spill into the patient’s body.
• The newer style nasointestinal tubes
have a tungsten weighted distal end
rather than the mercury-filled balloon,
making them safer to use. Newer styles
include the newer Miller-Abbott and
Andersen tubes.
• Nasointestinal tubes are available in
10-Fr (pediatric) through 22-Fr
diameters.
Cont---
Sengstaken-Blakemore
Tube
• The Sengstaken-Blakemore is a triple-
lumen tube used to tamponade bleeding
from esophageal varices.
• Two of the lumens are used to inflate
balloons that provide pressure to the
bleeding varices, and the third lumen is
used to drain gastric contents.
• This tube is placed as an emergency
measure when bleeding is too heavy to
be stopped by the use of medication.
• It is a temporary measure; prolonged use
has been associated with ulceration or
rupture of the esophagus and stomach.
Placement of the tube can be difficult,
and airway obstruction could result if it
is inadvertently placed in the trachea.
Thank You