What Is A
Mixture?
A mixture is made of 2 or more types
of atoms that are NOT chemically
combined together.
Mixtures can take many forms:
2+ Solids 2+ Liquids 2+ Gases
ANY combination of solids, liquids
What Is A Chemical Mixture?
A mixture is a material system made up
of two or more different substances,
which are mixed but not combined
chemically.
A mixture is a material system made up
of two or more different substances,
which are mixed but not combined
chemically.
Mixtures of Solids
Mixtures of Liquids
Mixtures of Gases
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Which Kind of
Mixture?
Classify each type of mixture
as:
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Heterogeneo Homogeneo Heterogeneo
us us us
Solution
s
A solution
involves one
substance
dissolving in
another
substance,
which is usually
a liquid.
Solution
s
•A solution is a special type of
mixture.
•A solution is a homogeneous mixture
combines a solute Solvent
thatSolute and a solvent.
The solid part The liquid part
that gets that does the
dissolved. dissolving.
e.g. salt, e.g. water
sugar
Solution
s
•A solution is a special type of
mixture.
•A solution is a homogeneous mixture
that combines a solute and a solvent.
Solute Solvent
The solid part The liquid part
that gets doeshethatsolvin
dissolved. tdis g.
g. salt, a
[Link] g e.g. er
r wat
How To Make A
Solution
Solut + Solvent =
e Solution
Sal Wat Salt
t er Solution
Solubilit
y
• We can measure how easily a solute will
dissolve in a certain solvent.
• This measurement is called
solubility.
HIGH Solubility LOW Solubility
The solute The solute does
dissolves not dissolve
quickly & easily easily
e.g. salt in e.g. sand in
water water
Dilute vs.
Concentrated
• We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
• For example, putting spoonfuls of
sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with
only a small
amount of
solute is called
a dilute
solution.
Dilute vs.
Concentrated
• We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute!
• For example, putting spoonfuls of
sugar into a cup of tea…
A solution with
a large
amount of
solute is called
concentrated
Saturated
Solutions
Eventually, a solvent can’t hold
anymore!
A saturated solution CANNOT
hold any more solute at a
certain temperature.
Keep
Going!
But, by heating a solvent up, we
can make it hold even more
solute than normal.
A super-saturated solution
contains more solute than it
can normally dissolve.
Heat It!
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
• To separate matter there are various
separation techniques: distillation,
filtration, evaporation and
chromatography.
• Matter can be in the same phase or in
two different phases for this separation.
DISTILLATION
• A process involving the conversion of a
liquid into vapour that is subsequently
condensed back to liquid form.
• Separate liquids from nonvolatile solids,
Ex. separation of alcoholic liquors from
fermented materials, or in the separation of
two or more liquids having different boiling
points, as in the separation of gasoline,
kerosene, and lubricating oil from crude oil.
DISTILLATION
Hydrocarbons are jumbled together as
thick black crude oil. The most efficient
way to separate them into smaller
fractions is by a process called fractional
distillation. Short hydrocarbons (one to
four carbons) are gases at room
temperatures because they have such low
boiling points
CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Technique for separating the
components, or solutes, of a mixture on
the basis of the relative amounts of
each solute distributed between a
moving fluid stream, called the mobile
phase, and a contiguous stationary
phase.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Forensic scientists are able to use ink
chromatography to solve crimes by
matching documents or stains found at a
crime scene to the marker or pen that
belongs to a suspect.
• Forensic scientists analyze the unknown
ink and compare it to writing utensils
collected from possible suspects.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Chromatography is useful in
determining which antibodies fight
various diseases and viruses.
FILTRATION
• the action or process of filtering something.
DECANTATION
• process of separation of liquid from solid
and other immiscible (non-mixing)
liquids, by removing the liquid layer at
the top from the layer of solid or liquid
below. The process can be carried out by
EVAPORATION
• A technique used to separate out
homogeneous mixtures that contain one
or more dissolved salts. The method
drives off the liquid components from the
solid components. The process typically
involves heating the mixture until no
more liquid remains.
Any Questions?
THANK YOU!!!