Oilwell Primer
Rig Components
Rig Components
A rigs main job is to make hole
A multitude of rig components are needed to make
hole
Divided Into Four Systems
Power
Hoisting
Rotating
Circulating
Rig Components
The Power System
Hoisting
Rotating
Circulating
Power System
Source of power for the rig
Transmission of power to the rig
Source of Power
Almost all rigs use diesel engines because they
produce high torque & fuel efficient
The number of engines increase as the depth
capacity & power requirements of the rig increase.
Rig Power - Diesel Engines
Power Transmission
MECHANICAL - Through Compound
ELECTRICAL - Through Electrical Cables
Mechanical
System
Multiengine and
chain-drive
compound
Steel Guard
Two steel guards
cover the drive
bands (belts) from
the compound that
drive the mud
pumps
Diesel Electric System
Independent motors for each system
Mud
Pump
Chain
Guard
Electric
Motor
Electrical Vs. Mechanical
Electrical Advantages
– No heavy, complicated mechanical compound to move,
setup & maintain
– Engines off rig, reduce noise, vibration & heat
– Rotary speed, pump speed, etc. varied easily
Mechanical Advantages
– Less complicated electrical system
– Cheaper to operate
Rig Components
The Power System
Hoisting
Rotating
Circulating
Hoisting System
Drawworks & catheads
Derrick
Crown block
Traveling block
Wire rope
Air hoist
The Hoisting System
Drawworks
Spool-shaped revolving drum
Wire rope is wrapped around it while hoisting
heavy loads
Band brakes stop the drum
Auxiliary brake absorbs some of the momentum
of a load
The Drawworks
Drawworks Brakes
Brake Bands
Catline in place of Air Hoists
Cathead
A friction cathead pulls on coiled rope to hoist.
An automatic cathead spools in chain & is used to
pull tongs.
In addition to catheads, air hoists are popular and
more safe
Catheads
Makeup
Friction Cathead
Cathead
Because of safety
regulations, most
operations use air
hoists instead of
friction catheads
Drilling Line & Blocks
Drilling line runs from the
draw works (called fast
line).
To the crown block &
around a sheave.
To the traveling block &
around a sheave & back to
the crown block.
The number of raps
depends on the hoisting
capacity
Wire Rope Drilling Line
Crown
Crown
Block
Sheave
Drilling Line is
reeved several
times through the
traveling block
sheaves.
Drilling
Line is Crown Block
Sheaves
reeved
several
times Drilling Line
through the
crown block
sheaves.
Dead Line Tie-Down
Last wrap of the drilling line leaves the crown and
is secured on the dead line tie-down on the
substructure.
This line is called the dead line and is run to the
wire rope supply spool
Dead Line Tie Down Anchor
Drilling Line on Supply Reel
Slipping Drilling Line
After specified usage, the drilling line must be
replaced using the supply spool
– Secure blocks
– Loosen line at dead head
– Loosen line at drawworks
– Slip line through blocks
– Wire rope has ton/miles rating
Rig Components
Power
Hoisting
The Rotating System
– Includes the devices that make the bit turn
Circulating
Rotating System
All the pipe between the swivle and
the bit, including the kelly, the drill
pipe, and drill collars, is the drill
stem.
The drill string includes only the
drill pipe.
Swivel
Carries weight of drill string
Permits drill string to rotate
Passageway for drilling fluid
Bail - connects swivel to block
Gooseneck - connects swivel to rotary hose
The large bail of Hook
this swivel hangs Bail
from the hook of Gooseneck
the traveling
block. Swivel
Kelly
About 40 foot length of 4 to 6 sided pipe
Connects drill string to swivel & carries drill
string
Passage way for drilling fluid
Flat sides provide a way to turn the kelly & thus
the drill string
The Kelly is connected to the Swivel
Swivel
Gooseneck
Kelly
Rotary Hose
Standard Kelly Length is 40 feet
Kelly Bushing Rotates the Kelly
Kelly bushing - fits on flat side of the kelly &
turns the kelly
Master bushing - supports & turns the kelly
bushing
Rotary table - supports & turns the master bushing
Rig Floor
Kelly
Kelly
Bushing
Master
Bushing
Rotary Table
Gives rotary drilling its name
Is driven by electric motor or the
compound/drawworks device
Drives the master bushing & thus the drill string
Supports the slips that holds the drill pipe during
connections and tripping
Slips
Fits around & wedges the drill string
Tooth like gripping elements
Slips & rotary table can support the drill string
hanging in the well bore
Slips prevent the
drill string from
falling through
the rotary table.
Slips
Final setting point
Top Drive
Replaces a conventional swivel
Has a powerful motor that turns the drill string
Rotates up & down through tight spots
Adds 3 joints of pipe at a time
Top Drive
Eliminates the need for a
rotary table and you can
drill three joints per
connection. More
expensive, but also more
efficient.
Drill String
Drill pipe
Drill collars
Drill Pipe & Drill Collars
Drill Pipe Drill Collar
Drill Pipe
Carries drilling mud to the bit
Supports the drill collars
Turns the bit
Tool joints increase the strength of a drill pipe
connection
Dimensions & steel grade affect drill pipe strength
The derrick
hand and floor
hands on this rig
set back three-
joint stands of
drill pipe.
Tool Joint Cross Section
All threads are lubricated
Floor hands
stab the pin
end of a tool
joint into the
box end.
Drill Collars
Carries drilling mud to bit
Supplies weight to run on bit. Collars are heavier
than drill pipe
Turns the bit
Drill Collar box and pin ends
Drill String Accessories
Additional pieces of equipment, or tools, in the
drill string when required
Bit sub, kelly saver sub, cross over sub, lifting
sub, pup joint, stabilizers, reamers, upper & lower
kelly cock, etc.
Bit Sub
Most bits are pin up, so a sub is
needed to mate with the pin down
drill collars.
Drill Collar Lifting Sub
Elevators Elevator Shoulder
Lifting Sub
Drill Collar
Floor hands Stabilizer
position a stabilizer Blade
over the hole prior
to making it up in
the bottom hole
assembly (BHA).
Reamer Stabilizer (Roller Reamer)
Cutter
Upper Kelly Cock is
located between the
swivel and the top
of the kelly. When
closed, it protects
the swivel and
rotary hose from
pressure in the drill
stem.
Lower Kelly Valve
is located between
the bottom of the
kelly and the top
joint of drill pipe
and is has the same
function as the
upper kelly cock.
Open inside blow out preventer Closed inside blow out preventer
Bits
Roller cone - steel tooth & TCI, journal & roller
bearing, sealed and non-sealed
Fixed cutter - PDC, natural diamond & TSP
Additional information covered on bits in this
school
Non-sealed steel
tooth roller
cone bit.
Sealed
bearing
carbide
tooth bit.
Various Natural Diamond Bits
Poly-Crystalline
Diamond
Compact (PDC)
bit.