Reproductive System
Prepared By:
Sadia Afroz Shoily
Lecturer,
ADUST
Reproductive System
The reproductive system or genital system is a system
of sex organs within an organism which work together
for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones,
are also important accessories to the reproductive
system.
Function of Reproductive System
The major function of the reproductive system is to
make a new life and ensure that the
human species survives.
Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system (or female genital
system) is made up of the internal and external sex
organs that function in human reproduction.
The female reproductive system is immature at birth
and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to
produce gametes, and to carry a fetus to full term.
The uterus or womb accommodates
the embryo which develops into the fetus.
Function of Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system produces ovum (the
female reproductive cell).
Provides a location for fertilization and growth of a
baby.
Secretes female sex hormones.
The breast produces milk to nourish the newborn.
Female Reproductive System
External Organ
Internal Organ (Vulva)
1. The ovaries 1. Labia majora
2. Labia minora
2. The uterus
3. Clitoris
3. The fallopian tubes 4. Hymen
4. The vagina 5. Urethral Orifice
5. The Cervix
The external organ of female Reproductive System
The labia majora
Called large lips, protect the other external reproductive
organs. They are skin contain hair, sweat and oil glands.
The labia minora
The small lips can have a variety of sizes and shapes. They
lie just inside the labia majora, and surround the openings
to the vagina.
The clitoris
A very sensitive small spongy tissue located at the top of
the labia minora.
The hymen
Is a pinkish membrane, often shaped like a crescent.
This thin membrane with an opening found at the lower
end of the vagina to allow the menstrual blood to come
through.
Urethral Orifice
The urethral orifice or external urinary opening is
below the clitoris on the upper wall of the vagina and
is the passage for urine.
Figure of External Female reproductive
Organ
The Internal Female Reproductive Organ
The Vagina
- A muscular tube, lined with mucous membrane that
extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of
the body.
- During intercourse, the vagina receives the male’s
penis and semen.
- Serves as a birth canal that the baby passes through in
a normal delivery.
Uterus
- Hollow pear-shaped organ that contains a thick
muscular wall, a mucous membrane lining, and a rich
supply of blood.
- Houses the fetus.
- The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissue:
- Perimetrium: the outermost thin membrane
layer covering the uterus and protect it.
- Myometrium: the thick, muscular, middle
layer.
- Endometrium: the thin, mucous inner layer.
The fallopian tubes (Uterine tubes)
These are narrow tubes approximately 8–14cm long,
attached to the upper part of the uterus and serve as
pathways for the ovum to travel from the ovaries to
the uterus. Fertilization of the ovum by a sperm cell
occurs in the third of the Fallopian tube nearest each
ovary.
The cervix
The lower portion or neck of the uterus.
The cervix is lined with mucus, known as cervical
mucus
– Cervical mucus provides lubrication & sperm
transport during sexual intercourse
– During ovulation secretion of cervical mucus
increases in response to estrogen.
– But when an egg is ready for fertilization, the
mucus then becomes thin and slippery, offering a
“friendly environment” to sperm
The cervix acts as the passage through which the baby
exits the uterus into the vagina.
The Ovaries
Small almond-shaped glands that produce ova
In charge of ovulation and producing the female sex
hormones. The hormones are responsible for getting
the lining of the uterus prepared for a fertilized ovum.
Figure of Internal Female Reproductive
organ
Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system consists of a number
of sex organs that play a role in the process of human
reproduction. These organs are located on the outside
of the body and within the pelvis.
External Male reproductive
Organ
Penis
The male sex organ reaches its full size during puberty,
which additionally serves as the urinal duct.
Scrotum
The pouch located behind the penis which contains
the testicles.
Provides protection to the testicles.
Controls temperature necessary for sperm production
and survival.
Internal Male Reproductive Organ
Testis
Also known as testicle. Produce male sex hormone testosterone.
These hormones control the development of the reproductive
organs and other male characteristics, such as body and facial
hair, low voice, and wide shoulders..
Two round glands which descend into the scrotum following
birth.
Produce and store sperm
Produce male sex hormone, testosterone
Ductus Deferens
The ductus deferens, also known as the vas deferens,
is a tiny muscular tube in the male reproductive
system that carries sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct.
There is a pair of these ducts in the male body, with
one duct carrying sperm from each testis to the left
and right ejaculatory ducts.
Along the way they pass through the scrotum.
Seminal Vesicle
The seminal gland, more commonly referred to as the
seminal vesicle, holds the liquid that mixes with
sperm to form semen. Semen combines fluid
elements from the epididymis, seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, and vas deferens. Each body part
plays a key role in semen production.
Prostate
The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ whose
main function is to secrete prostate fluid, one of the
components of semen. The muscles of
the prostate gland also help propel this seminal fluid
into the urethra during ejaculation .
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the
bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the
additional function of ejaculating semen when the
man reaches orgasm. When the penis is erect during
sex, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra,
allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.
Figure of Male Reproductive Organ