COURS CODE: LMU INS 204
TITTLE: SAD
COURSE LECTURERS: PROF. A.A
ADEBIYI / MR.
E. OGBONNIA
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Course Overview
Objective: Develop a systematic understanding of the analysis and design of
information systems using both structured and object-oriented methodologies.
Focus Areas:
• Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Top-Down & Bottom-Up Design Approaches
• Dataflow & Entity Relationship Diagramming
• Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
• Prototyping, I/O, File & Database Design
• User Interface Design
• Comparison: Structured vs. Object-Oriented Design
The Structured Approach
Definition: A systematic, methodical process for analyzing
business needs and designing corresponding IT solutions.
Key Concepts:
• Step-by-step methods (analysis, design, implementation)
• Emphasis on documentation and iterative validation
• Integration of top-down (system-wide perspective) and
bottom-up (component-level details) design methods
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Phases:
• Planning & Analysis: Identify business requirements and feasibility
• Design: Create models (data, process, architectural) and prototypes
• Implementation: Develop, test, and deploy the system
• Maintenance & Support: Update and refine systems over time
Structured SDLC Models:
• Waterfall Model
• Iterative/Agile Approaches
Top-Down & Bottom-Up Design
Top-Down Design:
• Start with the big picture and decompose into sub-systems
• Benefits: Clarity, overall architecture planning
Bottom-Up Design:
• Build from detailed components to form the complete system
• Benefits: Robustness of individual modules, flexibility
Integration:
• Using both approaches can lead to a balanced, modular design
Dataflow Diagramming
Purpose: Visualize the flow of data within a system
Key Elements:
• Processes, data stores, external entities, and data flows
Best Practices:
• Use standardized symbols
• Ensure balanced diagrams that accurately represent data
interactions
Entity Relationship Modeling
Purpose: Represent the data and relationships in an information
system
Key Components:
• Entities, attributes, relationships, cardinality
Outcome: Creation of Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) to
guide database design
Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
Definition: Tools that support the analysis, design, and
development phases of the SDLC
Benefits:
• Automation of diagramming, documentation, and code
generation
• Increased consistency and productivity in system design
Prototyping, Input/Output & Validation
Prototyping: Developing preliminary models to refine
requirements and design choices
Input/Output Design: Designing effective forms, reports, and
interfaces that facilitate user interaction
Validation: Testing prototypes with stakeholders to ensure
requirements are met before full-scale development
File and Database Design
File Design: Organizing data in files with appropriate structures
for retrieval and storage
Database Design: Creating normalized schemas to avoid
redundancy and ensure data integrity
Linkage: Using ER modeling to drive robust database design
Design of User Interfaces
Focus: Creating user-friendly interfaces that enhance usability
and efficiency
Principles:
• Consistency, simplicity, feedback, and accessibility
Methods:
• Wireframing, mockups, and iterative user testing
Structured vs. Object-Oriented Design
Structured Design:
• Emphasizes a sequential, modular approach with detailed
documentation
• Suitable for clearly defined processes and systems
Object-Oriented Design:
• Centers on objects and classes, encapsulating data and behavior
• Offers flexibility, reusability, and easier maintenance
Comparison:
• Trade-offs in complexity, adaptability, and system scalability
Lab Work & Hands-On Projects
Lab Focus Areas:
• System Requirements Gathering: Techniques such as interviews, surveys,
and document reviews
• Data Modeling: Practice with ER modeling and creation of ERDs
• Process Modeling: Develop Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) for various systems
• UML Diagrams: Use UML for class diagrams, sequence diagrams, etc.
• System Architectural Design: Apply structured approaches to design system
architectures
• User Interface Design: Develop prototypes and validate through user
feedback
Summary & Next Steps
Summary: The course integrates both theory and practice through a
structured approach to systems analysis and design. You’ll work with
industry-standard methodologies and tools—from SDLC and diagramming
to prototyping and UI design.
Next Steps:
• Review the detailed syllabus and lab schedule
• Complete the introductory lab assignment on requirements gathering
techniques
• Prepare any questions for our next session on the SDLC and design
methodologies
Q&A
Open Floor: Questions, clarifications
Feedback