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Understanding Probability Basics

The document provides an overview of probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, with values ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It explains theoretical probability using the formula P(E) = No of favorable outcomes / No of total outcomes and discusses concepts such as complements and tree diagrams for calculating probabilities. Additionally, it highlights the applications of probability in various fields, including mathematics, statistics, and finance.

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Faiza Ahmed
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4 views27 pages

Understanding Probability Basics

The document provides an overview of probability, defining it as a measure of how likely an event is to occur, with values ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It explains theoretical probability using the formula P(E) = No of favorable outcomes / No of total outcomes and discusses concepts such as complements and tree diagrams for calculating probabilities. Additionally, it highlights the applications of probability in various fields, including mathematics, statistics, and finance.

Uploaded by

Faiza Ahmed
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Probability

Prepared by Miss Sumaiya Sumbula Zubair


Probability or chance
• Probability is a measure of how likely it is for an event to
happen.
• We name a probability with a number from 0 to 1.
• If an event is certain to happen, then the probability of the
event is 1.
• If an event is certain not to happen, then the probability of the
event is 0.
• [Link]
Probability
• If it is uncertain whether or not an event will happen, then its
probability is some fraction between 0 and 1 (or a fraction
converted to a decimal number).
Probability or Chance
• Probability or chance is how likely it is that something will
happen. To state a chance, we use a percent.

0 ½ 1
Probability

Equally likely to happen


or not to happen Certain to
Certain not
to happen happen

Chance

50 %
0% 100%
Definition of Theoretical probability

P ( E) = No of favorable outcomes
No. OF total outcomes
Where E = Event
Related Videos
• [Link]

• [Link]

• [Link]
1 2
4 3
[Link] is the probability of spinning a
number greater than 1?

4 1 2. What is the chance of spinning a


2 3 4?
5
3. What is the chance that the
spinner will stop on an odd
number?
4. What is the chance of rolling an even
number with one toss of on number cube?
• Donald is rolling a number cube labeled 1 to 6. Which of
the following is LEAST LIKELY?
A. an even number
B. an odd number
C. a number greater than 5
Last point to be noted!
( Complement of A )
• If the probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.2 then what is
the probability that it will not rain tomorrow ?
• ITS SIMPLE!
• P(A) = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8
• We always subtract from one because the probability of two
or more than 2 events always adds upto one!

• Similarly the event that rolling a fair die and getting a 2 is


shown as 1 /6 therefore its complement will be 5/6 that is the
left over five numbers { 1,3,4,5,6,}
• [Link]
[Link]
D5b4&list=PLmdFyQYShrjcdULqwq37UXo4UO4
aSmV36&index=11&pp=iAQB
Tree Diagrams
Here is a tree diagram with the toss of a coin
We can extend the tree diagram to two tosses
of a coin:
How do we calculate the overall probabilities?
Another Example
Question First make a tree diagram
• A bag
contains 4 red balls
and 5 blue balls. Rahem
picks 2 balls at random.
Calculate the probability
that he selects the same
coloured ball each time,
given that after each
time a ball is selected, it
is replaced.
So we multiply the 2
Step 2 probabilities
• From the tree diagram • P(blue and blue)=
we can see that there • 5/9 ​× 5/9 ​=25/ 81
are two ways of doing
this, either
P(red and red)=
• blue and blue, • 4/9×4/9=16/81
or red and red
• So total of both will be
• 25 /81 + 16/ 81 = 41/81
• https://
[Link]/Ce3fGq0II34
Daily uses of Probability
• Probability is used in
• Mathematics
• Statistics
• Finance
• Machine and artificial intelligence and in many other activities
Some helpful videos for you!
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• https://
[Link]/watch?v=cXNDqOJD5b4&list=PLmdFyQYSh
rjcdULqwq37UXo4UO4aSmV36&index=11&pp=iAQB
• [Link]
Thank You!
For any further queries feel free to contact your teachers and take guidance from them.

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