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Multipath Propagation in Mobile Signals

The document discusses multipath propagation in mobile communications. Multipath is caused by signals taking multiple paths to the receiver due to reflections or scattering off objects in the environment. This gives rise to fading and Doppler effects as the terminal moves. The document examines multipath effects using simulations with varying numbers of scatterers, from two scatterers to multiple scatterers, to model different propagation conditions and analyze factors like fade rate and Doppler spread.

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omnidirectional123
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6 views30 pages

Multipath Propagation in Mobile Signals

The document discusses multipath propagation in mobile communications. Multipath is caused by signals taking multiple paths to the receiver due to reflections or scattering off objects in the environment. This gives rise to fading and Doppler effects as the terminal moves. The document examines multipath effects using simulations with varying numbers of scatterers, from two scatterers to multiple scatterers, to model different propagation conditions and analyze factors like fade rate and Doppler spread.

Uploaded by

omnidirectional123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Direct Signal, angle of arrival and Doppler shift Direct and reflected signal Two scatterers Multiple scatterers

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Multipath is a time selective phenomenon, it gives rise to fades. In addition, the movement of at least one of the terminals causes Doppler effects. The Doppler shift and the angle of arrival of a given echo are interrelated, and that there is a limit to the maximum rate of change possible, if it is only the terminal that is moving. Throughout, assuming that multipath gives rise to a spatial standing wave, sensed by the terminal antenna as it moves. Also, show a possible way of generating time variations when the mobile terminal is stationary. Finally, introducing the case where both terminals, and even the scatterers, are moving.
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In the multipath propagation channel, the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver through several echoes due to reflection, diffraction and scattering, In general, to features such as walls, rooftops, lamp posts, cars, trees, people, etc., in the near environment of the mobile. Multipath is significant in mobile communications, since the (MS) antenna is usually located at low heights and surrounded by obstacles. It typically uses omnidirectional patterns thus picking up large numbers of echoes. Conversely, typical microwave fixed radio links are sited above the surrounding clutter, and use very directive antennas that discriminate against most of the existing multipath. Only in very specific conditions where anomalous refraction exists, rays will bend down toward the ground giving rise to multipath.
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Figure 1: Simulation geometry for Project (side view)

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(13)

Figure 2: project 2 geometry


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(15) The tow radio distances change in time:

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(17)

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Dropping the fixed phase term: (18) Taking into account the equality: (19) : (20) (21)

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Project 3: Tow Scatterers


two point scatterers are assumed to be the only sources through which the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver, while the direct signal is assumed to be totally blocked.(relating tow of aspects of multipath phenomenon: fade rate and Doppler spread)

Figure 3: project 3 simulation geometry


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Project 4: Multiple scatterers

If the number of point scatterers is increased, more intricate time series can be produced. it will be possible to simulate many typical situations in mobile propagation such as Rayleigh fading conditions. The examples reproduced here have been generated using 13 rays.

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Figure 4: 2D simulation scenario made up of point scatterers

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