4.
1 Findings
• This chapter delves into the analysis of results
derived from a questionnaire administered to
respondents. Through this data, we aim to
understand various aspects such as descriptive
statistics, frequencies, and inferential
statistics, including linear regression. The
analysis explores the relationships between
independent variables (e.g., peer pressure,
psychosocial impact) and the dependent
variable (e.g., risk-taking behavior).
Table 4.2: Frequency Distribution
of Participants' Ages
• The table presents the distribution of 300
individuals across three age groups: 15-16, 17-
18, and 13-14. The largest group is the 17-18
age range, comprising 47% of the total (141
individuals), followed closely by the 15-16
group, which represents 44.3% (133
individuals). The smallest group is the 13-14
age range, making up just 8.7% (26
individuals). The cumulative percentages
indicate that 44.3% of participants fall into the
Figure 4.1: Bar Chart Shows
Participants Ages Frequency
• Table 4.3: Frequency Distribution of Target
Classes in the Dataset
• The table illustrates the distribution of 300
individuals across two age groups: 9-10 years
and 11-12 years. The larger group, 53.3% (160
individuals), falls within the 11-12 age range,
while 46.7% (140 individuals) belong to the 9-
10 age groups. This suggests that the 11-12
age group has a slightly higher representation
compared to the 9-10 age group.
Table 4.4: Frequency Distribution
of Caste Categories
• The table provides the distribution of 300
individuals across five distinct ethnic groups.
The Bangash group is the largest, comprising
62.3% (187 individuals). The Arain group is the
second largest, accounting for 20% (60
individuals). Following this, the Khattak group
represents 11.7% (35 individuals), while the
Marwat group makes up 4% (12 individuals),
and Orakzai constitutes 2% (6 individuals). This
indicates that the Bangash ethnic group is the
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• The table displays the distribution of 300
individuals across five ethnic groups. The
largest ethnic group is Bangash, comprising
62.3% (187 individuals). The second-largest
group is Arain, representing 20% (60
individuals). Khattak follows with 11.7% (35
individuals), while Marwat makes up 4% (12
individuals), and Orakzai accounts for 2% (6
individuals). This shows that Bangash is the
predominant ethnic group, with significantly
Figure 4.4 Bar Chart of Participants
languages Frequencies
• Table 4.6: Frequency Distribution of Home
Ownership Status (Owned or Rented)
• The table presents the distribution of 300
individuals based on their property ownership
status. A large proportion, 77.3% (232
individuals), own their homes, whereas 22.7%
(68 individuals) rent. This suggests that the
majority of people in the sample are
homeowners, with a smaller percentage
renting their properties.
Table 4.7: Frequency Distribution
of Family Status
• The data reveals that the majority of
respondents (76%) come from middle-status
families, with smaller proportions
representing higher status (14%), lower status
(6%), and lower-middle status (4%). This
distribution suggests that the respondents'
socioeconomic background plays a significant
role in shaping their behavior. The
predominance of middle-status families could
indicate a level of financial stability and access
Figure 4.6 Bar Chart of
Socioeconomic Status Frequency
• Table 4.8: Frequency Distribution of Families
with Own Agricultural Production
• The table presents the responses of 300
participants to a specific question. The
majority, 51.7% (155 individuals), selected
"no," while 46.3% (139 individuals) chose
"yes." A smaller group, 2% (6 individuals),
opted for the response labeled as "4." This
indicates that most participants provided a
negative response, with fewer choosing the
Table 4.9: Frequency Distribution
of Monthly Pocket Money Received
• The table presents the distribution of 300
participants according to their income
brackets. The majority, 51.3% (154
individuals), fall within the 3000-5000 income
range. The next largest group, 26% (78
individuals), earn between 1500-3000. Smaller
groups are found in the income ranges of
5000-7000 (12%, 36 individuals), 7000-9000
(4%, 12 individuals), and above 9000 (6%, 18
individuals). There are also 2 missing values,
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• The collinearity statistics provided for the
model suggest that there is no significant
multicollinearity among the independent
variables. The Tolerance values for "PP_Sum,"
"PLY_Sum," and "PI_sum" are all above 0.1
(ranging from 0.969 to 0.985), indicating that
each independent variable shares relatively
low overlap with the others. Correspondingly,
the Variance Inflation Factors (VIFs) are all
close to 1 (ranging from 1.015 to 1.032), which
4.2 Summary
• Many substantial insights into the parameters
influencing respondents' risk-taking behavior
are provided by the data analysis,
underscoring the intricate interplay of social,
socioeconomic, and demographic variables. A
sizable percentage of participants are in the
11–12 grade and 17–18 age categories, which
are crucial developmental stages marked by
an increased capacity for taking risks. During
late adolescence, individuals are experiencing