Software Process

Improvement –SEPI-471

Value Stream Mapping

D R . N A R G I S FAT I M A
A SS I S TA N T P R O F E SS O R
D E PA R T M E N T O F S O F T WA R E E N G I N E E R I N G , F E C

N AT I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y O F M O D E R N L A N G U A G E S H - 9
 Agenda
•Value Stream Mapping

SEPI-471

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 Value Stream Mapping
Value Stream Mapping is a lean
manufacturing technique to analyze, design,
and manage the flow of materials and
information required to bring a product to a
customer.”

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 Value Stream Mapping
•Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is an excellent tool for
improving process and flow and for eliminating waste.

• VSM SEPI-471
is a method through which a team maps out the
flow of value for repeating processes, forcing the team
members to analyze where value is being added and
where it is not.
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 Value Stream Mapping
•The value stream is the sequence of activities required
to design, produce and deliver a good or service to a
customer.
•The value stream mapping parts
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• Flows of information
• Flow of material
• Lead Time Ladder

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 Value Stream Mapping
•A team-based methodology for analyzing the current state
and designing a future state for a series of events that take a
product or service from its beginning through to the
customer.
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 Value Stream Mapping
•Value stream mapping is a lean management technique
that provides organizations with a visual representation of
their end-to-end processes.
•It is a methodology used to analyze, understand, and
improve the flow of materials, information, and activities
across SEPI-471
the value chain.
•By examining the current state of operations and
identifying areas of waste, value stream mapping enables
businesses to identify opportunities for process
optimization and continuous improvement.
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 Value Stream Mapping
•Value stream mapping involves creating a
detailed map or diagram that illustrates the
entire value stream from the moment a product
or service is requested by a customer until it is
delivered.
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•The map captures all the steps, activities, and
interactions that occur along the way, including
both value-added and non-value-added
processes.
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 Value Stream Mapping
•A value stream map typically consists of various
symbols and icons to represent different elements of the
process.
• These symbols include boxes to represent processes or
activities, arrows to indicate the flow of materials or
SEPI-471
information, and data boxes to capture key metrics such
as cycle time or lead time.
•Other symbols such as triangles, clouds, or parallel lines
can be used to denote inventory, delays, or decision
points, respectively.
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 VSM and Software Development
•Value Stream Mapping is important in software
engineering because it provides a structured
approach to understanding and optimizing the
entire software development process.
• In aSEPI-471
complex field like software engineering,
where collaboration, efficiency, and speed are
paramount, VSM serves as a valuable tool to
identify bottlenecks, reduce waste, and enhance
productivity.
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 VSM and Software Development
•For example, consider a software development team
that uses VSM to map their development process. They
may discover that code reviews are taking a long time
due to a backlog of code waiting for review.
•By visualizing this bottleneck, they can implement
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changes such as introducing automated code review
tools or redistributing review responsibilities among
team members. This leads to faster code reviews,
shorter development cycles, and ultimately, quicker
delivery of software to customers.
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 VSM and Software Development
•Value Stream Mapping encourages a culture of
continuous improvement within software
engineering teams. By regularly reviewing and
optimizing their value stream, teams can adapt to
changing requirements and market demands
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more effectively.
• VSM empowers software engineering teams to
be more efficient, agile, and responsive in a
rapidly evolving industry.
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 VSM Benefits
[Link] Cycle Time – you can decrease the time it takes to deliver
a working piece of software by using stream mapping.
[Link] quality – a value stream doesn’t have to stay the same
throughout the duration of the deployment process. Good stream
management supported by measuring the most relevant
metrics enables you to identify defects and root causes for delays
and takeSEPI-471
action to prevent them from moving forward. This will
ensure a better quality of your deployment processes and of the
work needed to bring value to customers.
[Link] workflows – value stream mapping can help you
visualize the flow of work from idea to delivery by identifying
bottlenecks and delays.
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 VSM-Concepts
•Cycle time (C/T) represents the amount of time
needed to complete a task.
•Setup Time (S/T) or Change Over time is the
necessary preparation time for an operation or
process.
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•Uptime (%) is the percentage of time a process or
system is active.
•Lead Time sets the completion time for the entire
operation/process.
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 VSM-Concepts
•Takt Time Frequency or pace of production required to meet
customer demand. Defined as available time divided by
customer demand.

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 Steps of VSM
Define the Scope: It’s important to initially determine
the boundaries and scope of the value stream to map,
identifying specific processes, departments, or areas
that will be included in the map.
Identify the Start and End Points: Clearly define the
starting and ending points of the value stream. This
could be the initiation of a customer request or the
delivery of a product or service.
Gather Information: Collect data and information
about the current state of the value stream. This can
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include process maps, flowcharts, metrics, and
feedback from employees and customers.
 Steps of VSM
Create a Value Stream Mapping Template: Utilize a
value stream mapping template. These templates
typically include symbols and icons to represent various
elements of the value stream.
Draw the Current State Map: Using the template,
start drawing the current state value stream map. Begin
with the first step and connect each process with
arrows to depict the flow.

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 Steps of VSM
Identify Value-Added and Non-Value-Added Activities:
Analyze each step in the value stream to distinguish between
value-added and non-value-added activities. Value-added
activities directly contribute to meeting customer requirements,
while non-value-added activities are wasteful and can be
eliminated or minimized.
Identify Metrics and Data Points: Capture key metrics such
as cycle time, lead time, and process efficiency in the data
boxes. These metrics will help identify areas of improvement and
serve as a basis for measuring future progress.

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 Steps of VSM
Analyze and Identify Improvement Opportunities: Review the
current state map to identify bottlenecks, delays, excessive handoffs,
or other areas of waste. Look for opportunities to streamline
processes, reduce cycle times, and enhance overall efficiency.
Design the Future State Map: Based on the analysis, envision the
desired future state of the value stream. Redesign processes,
eliminate waste, and optimize flow to create an improved value
stream. Use the symbols and icons to draw the future state map.
Develop an Action Plan: Create a plan that outlines the steps and
actions required to implement the changes identified in the future
state map.

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 VSM

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 Thank you

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