Module-3

Fire Prevention and

Protection

1
Contents:

Fire Prevention and Protection:

Fire Triangle, Fire Development and its
severity, Effect of Enclosures, early detection
of Fire, Classification of fire and Fire
Extinguishers.

Electrical Safety, Product Safety:

Technical Requirements of Product safety.
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 What is fire explain?

Fire is the visible effect of the process of

combustion – a special type of chemical
reaction. It occurs between oxygen in the air
and some sort of fuel. The products from the
chemical reaction are completely different from
the starting material. ... Combustion is when
fuel reacts with oxygen to release heat energy.
3
What are components of fire?
Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as
the "fire triangle." Add in the fourth element, the
chemical reaction
The most common causes of fires
[Link] equipment. Pots and pans can overheat and cause a fire very easily if
the person cooking gets distracted and leaves cooking unattended. ...
[Link]. ...
[Link] in bedrooms. ...
[Link] equipment. ...
[Link]. ...
[Link] children. ...
[Link] wiring. ...
[Link].
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The Fire Triangle Four things must be present at the
same time in order to produce fire:

Enough oxygen to sustain

combustion,
Enough heat to raise the material to
its ignition temperature,
Some sort of fuel or combustible
material, and
The chemical, exothermic reaction
that is fire

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• The three elements must be combined in the right
proportions for a fire to occur. If any of the three
elements are removed, the fire is extinguished.
• The first element in the fire triangle is heat, which is
perhaps the most essential of fire elements. A fire
cannot ignite unless it has a certain amount of heat,
and it cannot grow without heat.
• One of the first things firefighters do to extinguish a fire is to
apply a cooling agent – usually water. Another cooling agent
is a chemical fire retardant, such as the ones used in
fire extinguishers.
• Another method of diffusing heat from a fire is to scrape the
embers from the fire source, such as wood embers on a
burning building. Firefighters will also turn off the electricity
in a burning building to remove a source of heat.
• The second element in the fire triangle is fuel. A fire needs a
fuel source in order to burn. The fuel source can be anything
that is flammable, such as wood, paper, fabric, or chemicals.
Once the fuel element of the fire triangle is removed, the fire
will go out.
• If a fire is allowed to burn without any attempt to extinguish
it, as in the case of a controlled burn conducted by
the Forest Service, it will extinguish on its own when it is
consumed all of the fuel.
• The final element of the fire triangle is oxygen, which is also
an essential component of fire. A fire needs oxygen to start
and continue. That is why one recommendation for
extinguishing a small fire is to smother it with a non-
flammable blanket, sand or dirt.
• A decrease in the concentration of oxygen retards the
combustion process. In large fires where firefighters are
called in, decreasing the amount of oxygen is not usually an
option because there is no effective way to make that
happen in an extended area.
stages of fire development

comprised of four stages:

incipient,
growth,
fully developed
decay

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 Incipient Stage

As per the basics of fire behavior, ignition requires heat, fuel,

and oxygen. Once combustion begins, development of an
incipient fire is largely dependent on the characteristics and
configuration of the fuel involved (fuel controlled fire). Air in the
compartment provides adequate oxygen to continue fire
development. During this initial phase of fire development,
radiant heat warms adjacent fuel and continues the process of
pyrolysis. A plume of hot gases and flame rises from the fire
and mixes with the cooler air within the room. This transfer of
energy begins to increase the overall temperature in the room.
As this plume reaches the ceiling, hot gases begin to spread
horizontally across the ceiling. 11
Growth Stage
If there is adequate oxygen within the compartment additional fuel will
become involved and the heat release rate from the fire will increase.
As gases within the compartment are heated they expand and when
confined by the compartment increase in pressure.
The fire can continue to grow through flame spread or by ignition of
other fuel within the compartment. As flames in the plume reach the
ceiling they will bend and begin to extend horizontally. Pyrolysis
products and flammable byproducts of incomplete combustion in the hot
gas layer will ignite and continue this horizontal extension across the
ceiling. As the fire moves further into the growth stage, the dominant
heat transfer mechanism within the fire compartment shifts from
convection to radiation. Radiant heat transfer increases heat flux
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 Fully Developed Stage

At this post-flashover stage, energy release is at its

greatest, but is generally limited by ventilation (more
on this in a bit). Unburned gases accumulate at the
ceiling level and frequently burn as they leave the
compartment, resulting in flames showing from doors
or windows. The average gas temperature within a
compartment during a fully developed fire ranges
from 700o – 1200o C (1292o – 2192o F)

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Remember that the compartment where the fire started may
reach the fully developed stage while other compartments
have not yet become involved. Hot gases and flames
extending from the involved compartment transfer heat to
other fuel packages (e.g., contents, compartment linings,
and structural materials) resulting in fire spread. Conditions
can vary widely with a fully developed fire in one
compartment, a growth stage fire in another, and an incipient
fire in yet another. It is important to note that while a fire in an
adjacent compartment may be incipient, conditions within the
structure are immediately dangerous to life and health
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Decay Stage

A compartment fire may enter the decay stage as

the available fuel is consumed or due to limited
oxygen. when the ventilation profile of the
compartment or building does not provide sufficient
oxygen, the fire may move into the decay stage.
Heat release rate decreases as oxygen
concentration drops, however, temperature may
continue to rise for some time.

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16
17
What is fire severity?
Fire severity is a measure of the effects of fire on the
environment—both in damage to vegetation and impacts on the
soil. Fire severity is driven by weather conditions, the
topography of the landscape, and the fuels that are present.
How is fire severity measured?
A widely used measure of fire intensity is fire line intensity,
which is the rate of heat transfer per unit length of the fire line
(measured in kW m−1) and represents the radiant energy
release in the flaming front. ... In forests, fire severity is
measured in terms of tree mortality, canopy loss, or bole and
crown scorch. 18
19
20
What Are Fire Enclosures, and How Do They
Work?

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fire enclosure
A fire enclosure is part of the equipment that is
designed to minimize the spread of fire. ... A
chimney can fulfil the requirements of a Fire
Enclosure. A mechanical enclosure is part of the
equipment intended to prevent injury to an operator
or service engineer due to mechanical or other
physical hazards.

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For many types of industries and businesses, the number
one concern is fire. Although a fire can cause significant
damage and harm to humans regardless of a company’s
size, this type of catastrophe could shut a smaller business
down completely. The good news is that several different fire
protection systems are available, including fire enclosures.

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Many people are unfamiliar with fire enclosures. For that
reason, it is important to gain a better understanding of what
they are and how they work before you decide whether to
purchase one for your business. In simple terms, this type of
enclosure is designed to protect equipment, property, and
even humans during dangerous situations.

When used for equipment and property, fire enclosures prevent

a fire from breaching the protective barrier. Typically, these
enclosures are used in places where vital equipment is located.
This includes master control systems, pumps, generators,
pipes, cables, access fans, and so on.
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• If a fire were to break out and reach critical equipment, it
would likely cause enough damage to shut systems down. As
a result, companies could be out of business for an extended
length of time. This is why many companies use enclosures
to protect servers in internet centers and at colocation sites.
• However, these enclosures also protect people. By choosing
an enclosure that provides up to four hours of protection,
people have a place to go should a fire occur in the building
where they work. Sometimes, a building’s layout does not
provide everyone with quick and easy access to the outside.
In this situation, an enclosure would save lives.
Fire Enclosures

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 Early detection of Fire
Fire detectors sense one or more of the products or
phenomena resulting from fire, such as smoke, heat,
infrared and/or ultraviolet light radiation, or gas. In dwellings,
smoke detectors are often stand-alone devices

Flame detecting sensors are designed to respond to the

presence of a flame or fire, or the by-product of a fire. There
are three types of flame detectors: Optical Detectors. These
detection devices use optical sensors to detect when flames
are present
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Types of fire detectors

Heat Detectors. ...

Smoke Detectors. ...
Carbon Monoxide Detectors.
Multi-Sensor Detectors. ...
Manual Call Points.

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 Heat Detectors
• Heat detectors are the most basic detection devices. They are
available in several types. These types are divided into two major
categories; spot and line. Spot detectors are single units installed in
single locations throughout the protected area. Line detectors provide
a continuous detector throughout the area of coverage. Spot
detectors are more commonly used, with line type detectors being
reserved for special situations.
 Spot type heat detectors
• These are most commonly fixed temperature, rate of- rise, or
combination. Fixed temperature, as the name implies, operate at a
specific temperature. Rate-of-rise detectors activate based on the
speed of the rise in temperature, not a fixed point. These detectors
are best suited to use in areas that may get hot under normal
conditions, such as detectors in a warehouse that is not temperature-
controlled. Detectors mounted at the ceiling level may get quite warm
from the heat collected by the roof during the day. This temperature
rise occurs gradually, though, and a rate-of rise detector compensates
for it.
 Smoke detectors
• Smoke detectors are available in a variety of types. Photoelectric
smoke detectors operate based upon light scattering within the
detection chamber of the detector. Light is projected through the
chamber and will be scattered if it strikes smoke. This light, reflected
off the smoke in the chamber, is detected by a photocell.
 Carbon monoxide detectors
• Carbon monoxide detectors are the
fastest way to prevent CO poisoning. You
can install a carbon monoxide detector
(or multiple detectors) in your home.
They work much like your fire or smoke
alarm by sounding a siren when they
detect carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide detectors sound an alarm when they sense a certain
amount of carbon monoxide over time. Different sensors set off different
types of alerts.

• Biomimetic sensor: a gel changes color when it absorbs carbon monoxide,

and this color change triggers the alarm.
• Metal oxide semiconductor: When the silica chip’s circuitry detects carbon
monoxide, it lowers the electrical resistance, and this change triggers the
alarm.
• Electrochemical sensor: Electrodes in a chemical solution sense changes in
electrical currents when they come into contact with carbon monoxide,
and this change triggers the alarm.
Once the alarm sounds, the carbon monoxide detector must be in a carbon
monoxide-free environment to silence the siren.
 Multi-sensor detectors
• Multi-sensor detectors use a combination of more than one type of sensor –
smoke, heat or carbon monoxide – to detect the presence of a fire. A research
group comprising the Fire Industry Association, BRE and fire detector
manufacturers, has now investigated the immunity of multi-sensor detectors
containing smoke and heat sensors to common causes of false alarms, as well as
to real fires.
• In general it was found that the more sophisticated the optical heat multi-sensors
were, the less prone they were to common causes of false alarms, whilst their
ability to detect real fires was not compromised. This research will support the
development of product standards and codes of practice for smoke and multi-
sensor detectors.
 Manual Call Point
• Manual Call Point is a device for the manual initiation of an alarm.
• Manual fire alarm activation is typically achieved through the use of a
pull station (term used in USA & Canada) or call point (term used in
Europe, Australia, and Asia), which then sounds the evacuation alarm
for the relevant building or zone.
• Manual fire alarm activation requires human intervention, as distinct
from automatic fire alarm activation such as that provided through the
use of heat detectors and smoke detectors. It is, however, possible for
call points/pull stations to be used in conjunction with automatic
detection as part of an overall fire detection and alarm system.
• Manual call points are used to initiate an alarm signal, and operate by
means of a simple button press or when glass is broken revealing a
button. They can form part of a manual alarm system or an automatic
alarm system. There will be an indicator on the monitoring unit for
visual indication to locate the call point easily.
 Classification of fire
If a fire starts, it can spread quickly. Not every fire is the same. Different fires can have
different hazards and risks. Using the wrong type of fire extinguisher could do more
harm than good. There are 6 different types of fire, and each should be attacked in a
different way.

Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textiles.

Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils.
Class C - fires involving gases.
Class D - fires involving metals.
Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.
Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers. 38
 Class A (Solids)
• Class A fires are fires involving solids. This type of fuel could be paper and
cardboard, common in offices and manufacturing. It could be furniture,
or fixtures and fittings. It could even be the structure of the building.
• This is one of the most common types of fire because solids are the most
common type of fuel and one that is hard to eliminate. Good
housekeeping should help to keep materials like packaging and waste
reduced, minimizing risks.
• The only type of fire extinguisher you should use on a class A fire is the
water extinguisher. This is the most popular type of extinguisher because
it can handle most fires involving solids. But, as a conductor, it should
never be used near electrical equipment.
 Class B (Liquids)

• Class B fires are fires involving liquids. Many of the fluids, liquids and
chemicals used in workplaces can be flammable or explosive. Like
cleaning fluids, solvents, fuels, inks, adhesives and paints.
• According to statistics, in 2010/11 flammable liquids accounted for only
2% of fires, but a massive 21% of fatalities. These fires are rare but more
deadly than other types of fire.
• Make sure you know what flammable liquids are used in your workplace,
This about safe storage and use of these substances, keep them in
labelled containers and away from sources of ignition.
• Should a class B fire ignite, foam or powder extinguishers are the best
types of extinguishers to attack this type of fire.
 Class C (Gases)

• Class C fires are fires involving gases. This could be natural gas, LPG or
other types of gases forming a flammable or explosive atmosphere.
• Work with gas is dangerous, and increases fire risk. Keep stored gases
in sealed containers in a safe storage area, and ensure that gas work is
carried out by competent persons.
• While extinguishers can be used on class C gas fires, the only safe
method to attack this type of fire is to shut off the gas supply. The
best type of extinguisher to put out the fire only the supply of gas is
cut off, is a dry powder extinguisher.
 Class D (Metals)

• Metals are not often thought of as a combustible material, some

types of metal can be, like sodium. Metals are also good conductors,
helping a fire spread. All metals will soften and melt at high
temperature, which can be a big problem when metal joists and
columns are present in a fire as structural elements.
• Water can actually act as an accelerant on metal fires, so how would
you tackle a class D fire? There are dry powder extinguishers
developed to tackle metal fires. The powder inside the extinguisher
may vary depending on the type of metal risk it is designed for. Small
metal fires can sometimes be smothered with dry earth or sand.
 class E (Electrical Fires)
• This is not strictly a class (class E) of fire, because electricity is more or
a source of ignition than a fuel. However, fires in live electrical
equipment are an additional hazard. You don't want to be using
water, or any other conductor as that could be fatal.
• Making sure electrical equipment and installations are installed
correctly, and inspected and maintained, will help to reduce the risk
of this type of fire.
• While you shouldn't use water to attack an electrical fire, you can use
other types of fire extinguishers. Like carbon dioxide, and dry powder
in low voltage situations. Always turn off the power supply if you can.
 Class F (Cooking Fats & Oils)

• Deep fat frying and spillages of flammable oils near to heat sources in
kitchens can result in a class F fire.
• Never leave food or frying equipment unattended during use. The
only type of fire extinguisher approved for use on cooking oils and fats
is the wet chemical extinguisher. For small class F fires, you could also
use a fire blanket.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguisher, portable or movable apparatus used to
put out a small fire by directing onto it a substance that
cools the burning material, deprives the flame of oxygen, or
interferes with the chemical reactions occurring in the
flame.
There are 5 main types of fire extinguisher
Water,
Foam,
Dry Powder,
CO2
Wet Chemical 46
Water extinguishers
Water extinguishers are one of the most cost-effective ways to fight
Class A fires
There are four different types of water extinguishers: water jet, water
spray, water with additives and water mist or fog.
Foam extinguishers
Foam fire extinguishers can be used on Class A and B fires. They
are most suited to extinguishing liquid fires such as petrol or diesel
and are more versatile than water jet extinguishers because they
can also be used on solids such as wood and paper. The foam
extinguishes liquid fires by sealing the surface of the liquid,
preventing flammable vapor reaching the air
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Powder extinguishers
Powder extinguishers are a good multi-purpose fire extinguisher
because they can be used on Class A, B and C fires. They can also
be used on fires involving electrical equipment however, they do not
cool the fire so it can re-ignite. Powder extinguishers can also create
a loss of visibility and may create breathing problems. They are not
generally recommended for use inside buildings unless there is
absolutely no alternative
Carbon dioxide extinguishers (CO2)
CO2 extinguishers are ideal for places with a lot of electrical equipment such as
offices or server rooms because they are safe to use on fires involving electrical
apparatus. Carbon dioxide extinguishers do not leave any residue, unlike a foam
extinguisher. They can also be used on Class B fires, those involving flammable
liquids such paraffin or petrol. CO2 extinguishers work by smothering the fire and
cutting off the supply of air. 48
Wet chemical extinguishers
Wet chemical extinguishers are suitable for use on Class F
fires involving cooking oils and fats, such as lard, olive oil,
sunflower oil, maize oil and butter. They are extremely
effective, when used correctly. The wet chemical rapidly
knocks the flames out, cools the burning oil and chemically
reacts to form a soap-like solution, sealing the surface and
preventing re-ignition. Although they are primarily designed for
use on Class F fires, cooking oils and deep fat fryers. They
can also be used on Class A fires (wood, paper and fabrics)
and Class B fires (flammable liquids).
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Fire blankets

Fire blankets are primarily for use on hot oil fires such as
frying pans or small deep fat fryers. They can also be used
on someone whose clothing has caught fire. They work by
smothering the fire, stopping access to the oxygen fuelling
it and extinguishing it

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51
Electrical Safety, Product
Safety.

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 Electrical safety

is a system of organizational measures and

technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous
effects on workers from electric current, electric arc,
electromagnetic field and static electricity.

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Why is electrical safety important?

Workplace safety is something that every company needs

to make a top priority. There are many types of hazards
that exist, and in general they are all just covered under
the generic topic of workplace safety.
Some people wonder why electrical safety is so important,
and why it gets so much attention. There are many
statistics and facts that can provide some insights into
what makes electrical safety stand out when it comes to
the efforts that are made to improve safety.
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Electrical safety
*Never put fingers or other objects in an outlet.
•Keep metal objects out of toasters.
•Never use anything with a cord or plug around
water.
•Never pull a plug out by its cord.
•Stay away from substations and power lines.
•Don't climb on power poles.
•Never fly kites near power lines.

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 Sources of electrical hazard
• Contact with bare wire carrying current.
• Working with electrical equipment that lacks with label or safety inspection
• Electrical equipment that has not been properly grounded.
• Working with electrical equipment on damp floors.
• Static electricity discharges
• Using metal ladders to work on electrical equipment
• Working on electrical equipment without ensuring that the power has been
shut off.
• Lightning strikes.
 Electrostatic hazards
Electrostatic hazards may cause minor shocks. Shocks from static
electricity result from a single discharge or multiple discharges of static
sources.
• Briskly rubbing a nonconductive material over a stationary surface.
• Moving large sheets of plastic
• The explosion of organic and metallic dusts
• Conveyor belts may cause static sparks
• Vehicle tires rolling across a road surfaces
• Friction between flowing liquid and a solid surface
 Arcs and Sparks Hazards
• With close proximity of conductors or
contact of conductors to complete a circuit,
an electric arc can jump the air gap between
the conductors and ignite combustible gases
or dusts.
 Combustible and explosive
materials
• High current through contaminated liquids may cause the contaminations
to expand rapidly and explode
 Lightning hazards
• Lightning is static charges from clouds following the path of least
resistance to the earth involving very high voltage and current.
 Improper wiring
• Improper wiring permits equipment to operate normally but can
result in hazardous conditions.
 Insulation failure
• The degradation can cause a bare and resulting shock to anyone
coming in contact with wire. Most insulation failure is caused by
environments toxic to insulation.
 Equipment failure

• Wet insulation can become a conductor and cause an electrical shock

• portable tool defects

• Broken power lines carry great amperage and voltage can cause
severe disability

• When equipment is not properly grounded or insulated

Detection of electrical hazards
circuit tester
Receptacle wiring tester
Continuity tester
 Reduction of electrical hazards
• Grounding of electrical equipment
• Electrical system groundings
• Separate equipment grounding
• Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFC)
• Humidification
• Antistatic materials
• Ionizers and electrostatic neutralizers
• Fuses
• Magnetic circuit breakers
• Circuit breakers
Electrical system groundings
Grounding of electrical
equipment
Separate equipment grounding
Ground fault circuit interrupter
Humidification
Antistatic materials
Ionizers and electrostatic
neutralizers
Fuses
Circuit breakers
What are the 3 hazards of
electricity?
There are three main types of electrical hazards:
electric shock,
electrical burns, and
arc blasts (the effect of blasts).

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ELECTRIC SHOCK
Electric shock occurs when a body becomes part of
an electrical current. Examples of electric shock
include:
•A person may come in contact with both
conductors in a circuit.
•Touching a live wire and an electrical ground.
•A person may provide a path between an
ungrounded conductor and the ground.
•A person may provide a path between the ground
and a conducting material that is in contact with
an ungrounded conductor. 79
ELECTRICAL BURNS
Burns suffered in electrical accidents can be of three
types:

•Electrical Burns — the result of the electric current

flowing in the tissues. These burns may be skin deep or
may affect deeper layers such as muscle and bones.
•Arc Burns — the result of high temperatures produced by
electric arcs or by explosions close to the body (see
electrical arc blasts).
•Thermal Contact Burns — burns normally experienced
from the skin-contacting hot surfaces of overheated
electrical conductors, conduits, or other energized 80
ELECTRIC ARC BLASTS
If the current is strong enough, the blast effect that can
result from arcing can cause injuries and start fires. The
power arc is a discharge of electricity through a
combination of ionized air and vaporized conductor
material. The conductive material is vaporized by
temperatures in an arc which can be as high as
35,000°F.
•Low-energy arcs can cause violent explosions or blasts
in atmospheres containing explosive gases, vapors, or
combustible dusts.
•High-energy arcs can also damage equipment causing
81
 Prevention of Arc flash injuries
• Arc flash injuries occur in the workplace every day. Many of these
injuries lead to severe burns and even death, which is doubly tragic
because the accidents could have been prevented.
• Arc flashes are sometimes produced by electrical equipment
malfunctions, but a more common cause is accidental human contact
with an electrical circuit or conductor.
• Arc flashes become even more hazardous when workers are wearing
flammable clothing instead of appropriate PPE.
83
 Product safety

• Product safety is part of a broad consumer movement

commonly referred to as consumerism.
• Consumerism refers to a number of activities designed to
protect consumers from a wide range of practices
• Product safety refers to the production, distribution and sale
of products that from various perspectives are either
potentially unsafe or inherently unsafe to consumer use.
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There are generally three types of defective products:

• Manufacturing or production flaws

• Design defects

• Insufficient warnings or instructions

Why is product safety important?

If a product is not safe, it can cause serious and

often life-threatening injuries. This can include
broken bones, lacerations, amputations, choking
hazards, strangulation, and more. For this reason,
manufacturers must take action to protect
consumers, ensuring all products are safe.
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Technical requirements of product
safety

(1) Technical regulation means any regulation,

which, for a single product or product group
regulates at least one of the following elements:

87
1) the technical requirements to be met by the products that are
delivered to the market;
2) requirements for safety during the life of the product;
3) regular and extraordinary reviews over the life of the product;
4) requirements regarding packaging and labelling;
5) obligations of the suppliers that deliver the product the
market;
6) conformity assessment procedures;
7) requirements to be fulfilled by conformity assessment body;
8) conformity certificates and technical documentation
necessary
for proving the compliance of product that must be made
available to the competent bodies (instructions, data, etc.);
9) mark and manner of marking of the product. 88
The Basics of Product Safety

[Link] a Recall Readiness Strategy in Place. Any

business can unexpectedly face a product recall. ...
[Link] Strict Quality Control Standards. ...
[Link] Your Factories or Farms. ...
[Link] Consumer Safety a Priority
in Product Development. ...
[Link] Manuals for Product
Safety and Product Recall Processes.

89
 Developing a product safety
program
The purpose of a product safety program is to limit as much as
company’s exposure to product liability and related problems.
The key to limiting liability exposure is to develop and maintain a
comprehensive product safety program.
At a minimum, the program should have three functional components:
Product safety coordinator
Product safety committee
Product safety auditor
 Product safety coordinator

• Assist in setting product safety program policy

• Recommend product recalls, modification, product design and special
analysis
• Conduct complaint, incident or accident analysis
• Coordinate all program documents
• Facilitate communication among all parties involved in the program.
• Develop a base product safety and liability information for use by all
parties involved in the program.
• Conduct product safety program audits.
 Product safety committee

Effective product safety management is the responsibility to form a

product safety committee with a representative from all major
departments.

This approach gives the product safety coordinator a broad base of

expertise to call upon and encourages broad based support among
departments.
 Program safety auditor

• Identify evidence of a lack of commitment on managements' part

• Observe the action taken when a product deficiency is identified

• Bring deficiencies to the attention of management and make

corresponding recommendations

• Review documentations of actions taken to correct product

deficiencies
 Role of health and safety
professional
• Safety professionals, because of their knowledge of plant operations and
because of their general expertise in safety-related matters, can evaluate and
offer comments on the company’s product safety program.
• Because of their experience in safety training can evaluate product safety-
related training programs developed as part of the product safety program.
• He can assist in conducting product-related accident investigations
• He can provide safety surveillance in production areas. This can help to
prevent errors and product related accidents.
• Because of their past experience in developing and implementing employee
safety programs, safety professionals are aware not only of potential hazards,
but also of ways in which customers misuse products.
 Quality management and product
safety
• Requires a secure work environment

• Requires leadership at all levels

• Defines quality in terms of customer standards and expectations

• Focuses on the continual improvements of products and processes

• Requires long term commitment of both management and employees

• Uses the teamwork approach in producing products

• Requires total employee involvement.