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Understanding Number Bases in Math

The document explains number bases, which are the unique digits used in positional numeral systems, with examples of common bases like binary and octal. It details how to convert numbers between bases, perform arithmetic operations, and check the validity of numbers in different bases. Additionally, it includes practice exercises and emphasizes the importance of understanding number bases in mathematics and computer science.

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31 views11 pages

Understanding Number Bases in Math

The document explains number bases, which are the unique digits used in positional numeral systems, with examples of common bases like binary and octal. It details how to convert numbers between bases, perform arithmetic operations, and check the validity of numbers in different bases. Additionally, it includes practice exercises and emphasizes the importance of understanding number bases in mathematics and computer science.

Uploaded by

ADENIYI
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Number Base

Mathematics Online Coaching | Topic


Note
Introduction

• A number base (radix) is the number of


unique digits, including zero, used to
represent numbers in a positional numeral
system.

• Common Number Bases:


• - Base 2 (Binary): 0, 1
• - Base 8 (Octal): 0–7
Converting to Base 10

• Use the formula:


• (d_nd_{n-1}...d_0)_b = d_n * b^n + d_{n-1} *
b^{n-1} + ... + d_0 * b^0

• Examples:
• 1. (1011)_2 = 1*8 + 0*4 + 1*2 + 1 = 11
• 2. (231)_4 = 2*16 + 3*4 + 1 = 45
Converting from Base 10

• Use repeated division by the new base, write


remainders in reverse.

• Examples:
• 1. 19 to base 2 => 10011
• 2. 85 to base 4 => 1111
Conversion Between Non-Decimal
Bases

• 1. Convert to base 10
• 2. Then convert to target base

• Example:
• (1111)_2 => 15_{10} => 17_8
Arithmetic in Bases

• Addition:
• (1011)_2 + (1101)_2 = 11000

• Subtraction:
• (1101)_2 - (1010)_2 = 0011
Validity of a Number in a Base

• A number is invalid in a base if it uses a digit ≥


base.

• Example:
• 128_2 is invalid (8 not in binary)
Shortcut Conversions

• Binary to Octal: group in 3s (from right)


• Binary to Hex: group in 4s (from right)

• Examples:
• 110101_2 => 65_8
• 11101001_2 => E9_16
Practice Exercises

• 1. Convert to Base 10:


• a. (1100)_2
• b. (243)_5
• c. (1A)_16

• 2. Convert from Base 10:


• a. 38 to base 2
• b. 123 to base 8
Answers

• 1. a. 12, b. 73, c. 26
• 2. a. 100110_2, b. 173_8
• 3. a. 65_8, b. 47
Conclusion

• Understanding number bases is essential in


math and computer science.

• Master:
• - Base conversions
• - Arithmetic in other bases
• - Validity checks

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