DISCIPLINES AND
IDEAS IN THE
APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCE
FIRST SEMESTER
OPENING PRAYER
WORK PLAN
Checking of Attendance -3
minutes
Short Quiz about Lesson 1-2 -
20 minutes
Motivation
-15 minutes
Discussion
- 20 minutes
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students
should have learned:
• Describe the clientele of counseling.
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
counseling.
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,
and communities.
LESSON 4:
The Clientele and Audiences
of Counseling
FIRST SEMESTER
GUIDE QUESTIONS
IN WHAT SITUATIONS SHOULD WE CONSULT A COUNSELOR?
HOW CAN A COUNSELOR HELP YOU?
IS YOUR INFORMATION SAFE WITH THE COUNSELOR?
The Clientele and Audiences of
Counseling
Individuals and groups
who receive services from
various counseling
professions constitute the
clientele and audience.
Characteristics of the Clientele and Audiences
of Counseling
Normal People
They do not need
clinical or mental
help
Characteristics of the Clientele and Audiences
of Counseling
The youth in need of
guidance at critical
moments of their
growth
Characteristics of the Clientele and Audiences
of Counseling
Anyone in need of
assistance in realizing
a change in behavior or
attitude, or simply
seeking to achieve a
goal
Characteristics of the Clientele and Audiences
of Counseling
People in need of premarital
and marital counseling.
Grief and loss
domestic violence and
other types of abuse, or
coping with terminal illness,
death, and dying.
Needs of Various Types of Clientele and
Audiences of Counseling
drug abuse
school Human
job-hunting bereavement marriage and
guidance resource
coaches counselors counselors rehabilitation
counselors personnel
counselors
School guidance counselors
These professionals provide the need
for personal guidance by helping
students seek more options and find
better and more appropriate ones in
dealing with situations of stress or
simply decision-making.
This may include career options.
Sometimes, they bridge between
family and the school in resolving
conflicts that affect students and their
families to the extent of becoming a
threat to student development and
Job-hunting coaches
counselors provide
avenues for people to find
necessary information and
get employment that is
suitable for the
Bereavement counselors
These professionals respond
to the need to be helped
through loss, such as death in
the family, in a way that will
help prevent depression and
other unhealthy ways of
dealing or coping with loss
such as committing suicide or
giving up on life
Human resource personnel
These professionals provide the
needs common to all workplaces
and they are employed in almost
all workplaces to deal with
various employee needs that
aspects of remunerations, social
services, compensations,
conflict resolution, and
discipline. They are designed to
keep workers happy and cared
Marriage counselors
These professionals provide the
need for conflict-resolution skills
to parties, couples, and children
to deal with various stresses and
issues that threaten their unity
or peaceful coexistence
Drug abuse and rehabilitation
counselors
These professionals
meet the need to help
people overcome their
problems or mitigate
some of the most
negative effects of drug
abuse. Their goal is to
facilitate client
rehabilitation.
The Individual as Client of Counseling
The individual who needs to be helped to manage well a
life-changing situation personal problem or crisis and
other support needs may undergo counseling as an
individual. Problems like alcoholism, loss of job, divorce,
imprisonment, and rehabilitation can cause shame and
embarrassment. Without acquiring enough strength and
ability to go through such life experiences, people are
vulnerable and may come out worse.
The Group and Organization as Client of
Counseling
Groups exist in communities, organizations, students in
schools, teachers in schools, and departments in
workplaces, and such entities can undergo group
counseling to meet counseling needs on that level. The
needs can range from a desire to reduce conflict or
manage it, become more productive as a team, or work
better together
The Community as Client of Counseling
When people experience something collectively, which
may be socially troubling and constitute the danger of
blocking their collective capacity to move on,
counseling is necessary to be undertaken on a
community level
Let’s test your
Knowledge
ACTIVITY:
LESSON 4:
The Settings, Processes,
Methods, and Tools in Counseling
FIRST SEMESTER
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students
should have learned:
• Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
counseling.
• Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations,
and communities.
The Settings, Processes,
Methods, and Tools in Counseling
Counselors work in various settings- from
government to private sectors, to civil society to
school settings. Drawing on a wide range of
processes, methods, and tools, counselors are
trained to use what is appropriate for the setting
and relative to their specialty
Counseling
Approaches
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanistic
Perspective
Psychoanalysis
•Represented by Sigmund Freud
•A theory of personality, an
approach to psychotherapy, and
a method of investigation
founded by Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis
•The assumption is that there are
inner battles that are waged in a
client that are directly responsible for
the appearance of symptoms and
behavioral problems
•Emphasizes the role of early
childhood experiences
•Early childhood experiences: dictate
who we are as an adult
Behaviorism
•Behavior and mental processes
are determined by our
environment
•All psychological disorders are a
result of maladaptive learning
that all behavior is learned from
our environment and symptoms
are acquired through classical
and operant conditioning
Behaviorism
•Classical conditioning
involves learning by
association; introduced by Ivan
Pavlov
•Operant conditioning
involves learning by
reinforcement; introduced by
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism
The therapeutic techniques used
in this type of treatment are
action-based and rooted in the
theories of classical conditioning
and operant conditioning and
utilize the same learning
strategies that led to the
formation of unwanted behaviors.
Behavioral therapy tends to be
highly focused on teaching clients
Classical conditioning Operant conditioning
involves learning by association; involves learning by reinforcement;
introduced by Ivan Pavlov introduced by B.F. Skinner
Humanistic Perspective
Behavior and mental
processes are determined by
our need to fulfill our potential
Attempted to understand the
conscious mind, free will,
human dignity, and the
capacity for self-reflection and
growth
Humanistic Perspective
The human potential for
change requires only the exercise
of the distinctively human
capacities for choice, creativity,
and drive toward self-actualization
Humanistic therapeutic models
are rooted in insight and focus on
self-development, growth, and
responsibilities
Humanistic Perspective
They seek to gain self-
empowerment by recognizing
their strengths, creativity, and
choice in the given circumstances
Let’s test your
Knowledge
Learning Activity:
Let’s see how far you have learned from this
lesson by identifying the counseling approaches
used by the counselors in the following
situations.
1. As a counselor, Alyana always believes in her client’s
ability to determine his destiny and give meaning to his
life.
2. In dealing with his clients, Cardo always
applies talk therapy and actively listens to
whatever his clients are telling him
3. Flora, an adolescent counselor, explores the
early experiences of her client to identify the
underlying causes of the manifested behavior.
4. Agatha coordinates with dream experts
to examine the dreams and its relation to
her client’s experiences
5. As a school counselor, Ericka uses
reinforcements to modify the unwanted
behaviors of her student-clients.
The Settings in Counseling
Government Setting
Work with various government
agencies with counseling services
such as social welfare, correctional
department, the court system,
child and women affairs services,
military, police, hospitals, foster
homes, and rehabilitation centers.
Private Sectors Setting
Counselors range from
independent providers of services
or work for NGOs, or specialized
for-profit centers and
organizations that render a variety
of counseling services.
Civil Society Setting
The context of civil society is
generally charities or non-profit
and issue-based centers or
organizations such as for abused
women, abandoned children and
elderly, veterans, teachers,
professionals, or religious groups.
Community Setting
Has the greatest and widest
application of counseling services
considering the diversity of
people. There are people who are
in conflict with the law, socially
marginalized, people who suffer
loss of all kinds, those living in
institutional homes, and those
experiencing different life
transitions.
Community Setting
Has the greatest and widest
application of counseling services
considering the diversity of
people. There are people who are
in conflict with the law, socially
marginalized, people who suffer
loss of all kinds, those living in
institutional homes, and those
experiencing different life
transitions.
School Setting
In the school setting, the
role of school counselor is
more complex since the
needs of students can vary
widely.
Let’s test your
Knowledge
Learning Activity:
Identify the setting where
counselors work based on the
following situations.
1. Romina is a licensed professional counselor
and works with the various government agencies
that provide counseling services, especially to
correctional departments and child and women
affairs services.
2. Cassie works in a charitable institution for
abandoned children and abused women.
3. Savannah works in a non-profit-oriented/non-
government organization that renders a variety
of counseling services
4. Daniella works as a counselor at a public
educational institution. She provides various
services to students and assumes many different
responsibilities and tasks based on the particular
needs of their clients.
5. Marga provides counseling services to
people who conflict with the law and socially
marginalized individuals and groups.
END OF DISCUSSION!
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!