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HUMAYUN BY TEAM 7
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TOPIC
HUMAYUN
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A
INTRODUCTIO
STRIFE
N
BACKGROUND
WITH
SHER SHAHOF
TO
SURI
HUMAYUN
HUMAYUN
A B C D
INTRODUCTIO
N
TO
BACKGROUND
OF
STRIFE WITH
SHER SHAH CONQUEST
HUMAYUN SURI
HUMAYUN
INTRODUCTIO Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508[1] – 27
January 1556), commonly known by his regnal name
N TO Humayun (He was the second Mughal emperor, who
ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan
HUMAYUN , Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from 1530
to 1540 and again from 1555 to his death in 1556.[6] At
the time of his death, the Mughal Empire spanned
almost one million square kilometers.
On 26 December 1530, Humayun succeeded his father
Babur to the throne of Delhi as ruler of the Mughal
territories in the Indian subcontinent. Humayun was an
inexperienced ruler when he came to power at the age
of 22. His half-brother Kamran Mirza inherited Kabul
and Kandahar, the northernmost parts of their father's
empire; the two half-brothers became bitter rivals.
• Early in his reign, Humayun lost his entire
empire to Sher Shah Suri but regained it 15
years later with Safavid aid. His return from
Persia was accompanied by a large retinue of
Persian noblemen, signaling an important
change in Mughal court culture. The
Central Asian origins of the dynasty were
largely overshadowed by the influences of
Persian art, architecture, language, and
literature. To this day, stone carvings and
thousands of Persian manuscripts in India
dating from the time of Humayun remain in
the subcontinent. Following his return to power,
Humayun quickly expanded the Empire, leaving
a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.
BACKGROUND
• Humayun was born as Nasir al-Din Muhammad to Babur's
favourite wife Māham Begum on Tuesday 6 March 1508.
According to Abul Fazl, Māham was related to the noble
family of Sultan Husayn Bayqara, the Timurid ruler of Herat.
She was also related to Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami.
• The decision of Babur to divide the territories of his empire between
two of his sons was unusual in India, although it had been a common
Central Asian practice since the time of Genghis Khan. Unlike most
monarchies, which practised primogeniture, the Timurids followed the
example of Genghis and did not leave an entire kingdom to the eldest
son. Although under that system only a Chingissid could claim
sovereignty and Khanal authority, any male Chinggisid within a given
sub-branch had an equal right to the throne (though the Timurids were
not Chinggisid in their paternal ancestry). While Genghis Khan's Empire
had been peacefully divided between his sons upon his death, almost
every Chinggisid succession since had resulted in fratricide.
STRIFE WITH SHER SHAH SURI
• Shortly after Humayun had marched on Gujarat, Sher Shah Suri saw an
opportunity to wrest control of Agra from the Mughals. He began to gather his
army together hoping for a rapid and decisive siege of the Mughal capital.
Upon hearing this alarming news, Humayun quickly marched his troops back
to Agra allowing Bahadur to easily regain control of the territories Humayun
had recently taken. In February 1537, however, Bahadur was killed when a
botched plan to kidnap the Portuguese viceroy ended in a fire-fight that the
Sultan lost. Bahadur's passing caused a power vacuum in Gujarat, which
ultimately paved the way for the Mughals to become the region's dominant
force
CONQUEST OF HUMAYUN
• On 24 January 1556, Humayun, with his arms full of books, was
descending the staircase from his library Sher Mandal when the
muezzin announced the Azaan (the call to prayer). It was his habit,
wherever and whenever he heard the summons, to bow his knee in
holy reverence. Trying to kneel, he caught his foot in his robe, slipped
down several steps and hit his temple on a rugged stone edge. He
died three days later.[54] His body was laid to rest in Purana Quila
initially, but, because of an attack by Hemu on Delhi and the capture
of Purana Qila, Humayun's body was exhumed by the fleeing army
and transferred to Kalanaur in Punjab where Akbar was crowned.
After young Mughal emperor Akbar defeated and killed Hemu in the
Second Battle of Panipat. Humayun's body was buried in
Humayun's Tomb in Delhi the first very grand garden tomb in
Mughal architecture, setting the precedent later followed by the
Taj Mahal and many other Indian monuments. It was commissioned
by his favorite and devoted chief wife, Bega Begum.
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