Networking
What is a network?
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a
collection of computers and devices interconnected by
communications channels that facilitate communications and
allows sharing of resources and information among
interconnected devices. Put more simply, a computer network
is a collection of two or more computers or devices linked
together for the purposes of sharing information, resources,
among other things.
What is Ethernet?
Ethernet defines the wiring and signalling standards
for the Physical Layer.
• Network access at the Media Access
Control(MAC)/Data link Layer
• Common addressing format
Transmission Media
• Cat5e/Cat6 twisted pairs
• Single Mode / Multi Mode fibre
• Wireless
Ethernet Introduction
Cabling
Coaxial cable
Unshielded
twisted pair
Fiber optic
Ethernet Introduction
Cabling – RJ45 Connectors
RJ45 Crimp RJ45 Crimping tool
Note 1 - Pair 1 and 4 are not used for 10Mb or 100Mb but are used for 1Gb and 10Gb Ethernet
Note 2 - Power Over Ethernet (PoE) Mid Span uses pair 1 and 4 to deliver 48vdc to power connected devices instead of running separate
power to the device. PoE End Span uses the pairs 2 and 3 (Active Pair)
Fiber optic cable
Ethernet Introduction
Cabling – Fibre Connectors
ST Connector
SC Connector
Wireless
Network topologies?
Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the
various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of computer or biological
network. Network topologies may be physical or logical.
There are lots of different network topologies in use including:
• Bus topology
• Ring topology
• Star topology
• Star bus topology
Network topologies?
Bus topology
Network topologies?
Ring topology
Network topologies?
Ring topology
Network topologies?
Star bus topology
The aggreko topology Wired?
Marshal box
Control room
To next
transformer
Marshal box Marshal box
TX TX
On TX On TX
G G G G G G G G G G G G
To next
transformer
The aggreko topology Wireless?
G1
Comet
G2
6.3MVA G3
TX
G4
G5
ZS1 SWG
G6
System hardware - Hub
HUB
Request to print Request to print
Request to print
Request to print
System hardware - Switch
SWITCH
Request to print
Request to print
System hardware - Router
WAN LAN
SWITCH
WWW
Request to print
[Link]
ROUTER
[Link] Request to print
LAN’s and WAN’s?
A network is defined as an interconnection of
computing devices
Network types
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
– SSL
– PPTP
Internet
– L2TP
– IPSec
LAN LAN
Applications
Remote CCTV Monitoring
3G Router & VPN
Internet
Remote Monitoring
CCTV Station
IP Addressing
Fixed IP addressing DHCP addressing
Fixed IP Addressing
Sub netting example
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
OK
NO
TO
K [Link]
[Link]
DHCP Addressing
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) is a network protocol that
enables a server to automatically assign
an IP address to a computer from a
defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope)
configured for a given network.
A device on 2 different networks
Aggreko standard IP address structure
Unless told to do otherwise the standard SCADA IP address
structure is:
Node Ethernet Serial Server IP Address Subnet mask Default gateway
Genset # 1 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Genset # 2 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Genset # 3 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Genset # 4 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Genset # 5 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Genset # 6 MES1A [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Transformer # 101 MES1B [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Switchgear #1 MES1B [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Temperature sensor Comet [Link]
[Link] [Link]
SCADA PC PC [Link]
[Link] [Link]
Serial communications
RS232
Communications protocols
• Profinet
• Profibus
• CANBUS
• Ethernet IP
• Ethercat
• MBUS
• Modbus RTU
• Modbus TCP
What is Modbus
Modbus is one of the most popular protocols
used in the industrial world. Supporting
traditional serial protocols of RS232/422/485
and Ethernet protocols allow industrial
devices such a PLCs, HMIs and meters to use
Modbus as their communication method.
When communicating with Modbus via serial
and Ethernet networks, a communication
gateway is a necessity
The history of Modbus
Modbus has its roots in the late seventies of the previous century. It is 1979
when PLC manufacturer Modicon—now a brand of Schneider Electric's
Telemecanique—published the Modbus communication interface for a
multidrop network based on a master/client architecture. Communication
between the Modbus nodes was achieved with messages. It was an open
standard that described the messaging structure. The physical layer of
the Modbus interface was free to choose. The original Modbus interface ran
on RS-232, but most later Modbus implementations used RS-485 because it
allowed longer distances, higher speeds and the possibility of a true multi-
drop network. In a short time hundreds of vendors implemented the
Modbus messaging system in their devices and Modbus became the de
facto standard for industrial communication networks. The nice thing of the
Modbus standard is the flexibility, but at the same time the easy
implementation of it. Not only intelligent devices like microcontrollers, PLCs
etc. are able to communicate with Modbus, also many intelligent sensors
are equipped with a Modbus interface to send their data to host systems.
While Modbus was previously mainly used on wired serial communication
lines, there are also extensions to the standard for wireless communications
and TCP/IP networks.
Aggreko uses Modbus
Any questions.....