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Overview of Soft Computing Techniques

Soft Computing encompasses four main fields: Fuzzy Computing, Evolutionary Computing, Neural Computing, and Probabilistic Computing, which utilize techniques that learn from experimental data and approximate outputs from previously unseen inputs. Key problem-solving techniques include Artificial Neural Networks, which mimic human brain processes for pattern recognition, and Genetic Algorithms, which simulate natural evolution for optimization problems. Fuzzy Logic is employed to manage imprecise information, allowing machines to process ambiguous data more effectively.

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14 views13 pages

Overview of Soft Computing Techniques

Soft Computing encompasses four main fields: Fuzzy Computing, Evolutionary Computing, Neural Computing, and Probabilistic Computing, which utilize techniques that learn from experimental data and approximate outputs from previously unseen inputs. Key problem-solving techniques include Artificial Neural Networks, which mimic human brain processes for pattern recognition, and Genetic Algorithms, which simulate natural evolution for optimization problems. Fuzzy Logic is employed to manage imprecise information, allowing machines to process ambiguous data more effectively.

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Soft Computing Applications

Soft computing technique

Rough Set Theory (RST) is a mathematical approach used to deal with incompleteness in
data analysis
Fields of Soft Computing

The four fields that constitute Soft Computing


(SC) are :
1. Fuzzy Computing (FC),
2. Evolutionary Computing (EC ),
3. Neural computing ( NC ), and
4. Probabilistic Computing (PC )
Unique Property of Soft computing

• Learning from experimental data


• Soft computing techniques derive their power
of generalization from approximating or
interpolating to produce outputs from
previously unseen inputs by using outputs
from previous learned inputs
• Generalization is usually done in a high
dimensional space
Advantages of Soft Computing

 Models based on human reasoning.


 Closer to human thinking and biologically inspired.
 Models can be
– i. Linguistic.
– ii. Fast when computing.
– iii. Effective in practice.
Various Problem Solving Techniques
[Link] Neural network

– ANN is a parallel distributed information


processing structure consisting of a number
of nonlinear processing units called neurons.
– The neuron operates as a mathematical
processor performing specific mathematical
operations on its inputs to generate an
output.
[Link] Neural network
– It can be trained to recognize patterns and to
identify incomplete patterns by resembling the
human-brain processes of recognizing information,
burying noise literally and retrieving information
correctly.
– ANN are strongly interconnected systems of
neurons which have simple behavior, but when
connected they can solve complex problems.
Changes may be made further to enhance its
performance
2. Genetic algorithms

• Evolutionary algorithms (EA) were invented


to mimic some of the processes observed in
natural evolution. Evolution occurs on
chromosomes - organic devices for encoding
the structure of living beings.
2. Genetic algorithms
• Processes of natural selection then drive those
chromosomes that encode successful structures to
reproduce more frequent than those that encode failed
structures. In other word, the chromosomes with the
best evaluations tend to reproduce more often than
those with bad evaluations.
• By using simple encodings and reproduction
mechanisms, the algorithms can then display
complicated behavior and turn out to solve some
extremely difficult problems.
2. Genetic algorithms
• Based on the principles of natural evolution, GAs are
robust and adaptive methods to solve search and
optimization problems.
• In addition, by simulating some features of biological
evolution, GA can solve problems where traditional
search and optimization methods are less effective.
3. Fuzzy Logic
– In the real world, information is often ambiguous
or imprecise.
– When we state that it is warm today, the context is
necessary to approximate the temperature. A warm
day in January may be degrees Celsius, but a warm
day in August may be 33 degrees. After a long
spell of frigid days, we may call a milder but still
chilly day relatively warm.
3. Fuzzy Logic
– Human reasoning filters and interprets information in order
to arrive at conclusions or to dismiss it as inconclusive.
– Although machines cannot yet handle imprecise
information in the same ways that humans do, computer
programs with fuzzy logic are becoming quite useful when
the sheer volume of tasks defines human analysis and
action
– An organized method for dealing with imprecise data is
called fuzzy logic
– The data sets engaged in fuzzy logic are considered as
fuzzy sets.

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