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Understanding Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) that can produce an electric current in a closed circuit. The magnitude of the induced current is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux. Michael Faraday discovered induction in 1831 through experiments showing that moving a magnet near a coil induces a current in the coil. Lenz's law states that the direction of any induced current will be such that it creates its own magnetic field opposing the original change which created it.

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Fauziati Ab Wahab
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11 views12 pages

Understanding Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction occurs when a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (emf) that can produce an electric current in a closed circuit. The magnitude of the induced current is directly proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux. Michael Faraday discovered induction in 1831 through experiments showing that moving a magnet near a coil induces a current in the coil. Lenz's law states that the direction of any induced current will be such that it creates its own magnetic field opposing the original change which created it.

Uploaded by

Fauziati Ab Wahab
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction

A changing magnetic field (intensity, movement) will induce an electromotive force (emf)

In a closed electric circuit, a changing magnetic field will produce an electric current

Electromagnetic Induction Faradays Law

Magnitude of the induced current is directly proportional to the rate of change or the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux

Faradays Experiments

Michael Faraday discovered induction in 1831. Moving the magnet induces a current I. Reversing the direction reverses the current. Moving the loop induces a current. The induced current is set up by an induced EMF.

Lenzs Law
Faradays law gives the direction of the induced emf and therefore the direction of any induced current.

Lenzs law is a simple way to get the directions straight, with less effort.
Lenzs Law: The induced emf is directed so that any induced current flow will oppose the change in magnetic flux (which causes the induced emf).

This is easier to use than to say ... Decreasing magnetic flux emf creates additional magnetic field Increasing flux emf creates opposed magnetic field

Lenzs Law
B
N B S

If we move the magnet towards the loop the flux of B will increase. Lenzs Law the current induced in the loop will generate a field B opposed to B.

Induced e.m.f and Induced Current in a solenoid


Magnet is moved into the solenoid.

Magnet is moved out of the Solenoid

Magnet is Stationary in the Solenoid

Factors that affect the magnitude of induced current


Speed of movement (speed increased ~ larger induced current) Number of turn (more turns ~ larger induced current) Strength of the magnetic field (binding three or more bars magnet) (increased strength ~ larger deflection)

Application
Alternating current generator

Direct Current generator

Direct and Alternating Current


Direct current Types Current Pure n straight line It is the current of constant magnitude It flows in one direction in the circuit Alternating current Sinusodial wave It is the current of magnitude varying with time It reverses its direction while flowing in a circuit

Direction

Obtained from
Amount energy that can be carried Cause of the direction

Cell or battery
Voltage of DC cannot travel very far until it begins to lose energy Steady magnetism along the wire

A.C Generator and mains


Safer to transfer over longer citydistances and can provide morepower Rotating magnet along the wire

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