Surveyor
Classification of Partially
Edentulous Arches
Classification systems
Prime purpose :
To enable dentist to clearly communicate to
a listener.
An aid in learning of the fundamentals of
design
Why to Classify?
Need for classification:
To formulate a good treatment plan.
To anticipate the difficulties common to occur for that
particular design.
To communicate with a professional about a case.
To design the denture according to the occlusal load
usually expected for a particular group.
Why to Classify?
Requirements of a Classification:
Allow visualization of type of partially edentulous
arches that is being considered.
Why to Classify?
Requirements of a Classification:
Allow differentiation between
tooth supported and tooth-tissue
supported RPDs
Why to Classify?
Requirements of a Classification:
Serve as a guide to the type of design to be used.
Be universally accepted.
Partial dentures
Various classification systems:
Cummer
Kennedy’s
Applegate-Kennedy
Bailyn
Neurohr
Mauk
Friedman
Godfrey
Skinner
ACP classification (American College of Prosthodontics)
Classification System-1
Craddock Classification:
Class 1: if the denture is supported by teeth.
Class 2: if the denture is supported by mucosa.
Class 3: if the denture is supported by both
the teeth and mucosa.
2. Kennedy Classification
Most widely used method of classification
Proposed in 1923 by Dr. Edward Kennedy of
New York.
It is based on the relationship of the
edentulous spaces to the abutment teeth.
Kennedy Classification
Class I:
Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior
to the remaining natural teeth.
Class II:
Unilateral edentulous area located posterior
to the remaining natural teeth.
Kennedy Classification
Class III
Unilateral edentulous area with natural
teeth both anterior and posterior to it.
Class IV
Single, bilateral edentulous area located
anterior to the remaining natural teeth.
Applegate Modifications
Applegate’s 8 Rules:
Rule 1:
Classification should follow rather than
precede extractions that might alter the
original classification.
Rule 2:
If the third molar is missing and not to be
replaced it is not considered in the
classification.
Applegate Modifications
Rule 3:
If the third molar is present and is to be used as
an abutment, it is considered in the
classification.
Rule 4:
If the second molar is missing not to be replaced
that is the opposing second molar is also
missing and is not considered in the
Applegate Modifications
Applegate’s 8 Rules:
Rule 5:
The most posterior edentulous area or areas
always determines the classification.
Rule 6:
Edentulous areas other than those
determining the classification are referred to
as the modification spaces and are designated
by their number.
Applegate 8 Rules:
Rule 7:
The extent of the modification is not
considered, only the number of additional
edentulous areas.
Rule 8:
There can be no modification areas in class
IV arches. Because any edentulous area
lying posterior to the single bilateral area
determines the classification.
EXCERSISE
THANKS
Partial Denture Components
Four Basic Components of cast
partial denture framework
Means of Retention
Means of Reciprocation
/ Bracing
Means of Support
Means of Connection
MEANS OF RETENTION
RETENTION
Definition:
The quality inherent in the prosthesis to resist
the force of gravity, the adhesiveness of
food and the forces associated with the
removal of prosthesis.
DIRECT RETAINERS
Definition:
The component that engages an abutment
tooth and in so doing resists dislodging
forces applied to a removable partial
denture is called direct retainer.
Types of Direct Retainers:
1. Extracoronal Retainers(Clasps):
2-Intracoronal retainers (internal or precision attachment):
Functional elements of Clasp
OR
Clasp Assembly
1. RETENTIVE ARM
2. RECEPROCATING ARM
3. OCCLUSAL REST
4. MINOR CONNECTOR
Functional elements of Clasp
1. RETENTIVE ARM
The function of the retentive arm is to resist displacement
on the tooth, thus maintaining the prosthesis in its proper
position.
Terminal third is flexible
Middle third has less flexibility
The third that joins the body has no flexibility
Functional elements of Clasp
2. RECIPROCAL ARM
It is placed on the tooth surface opposite the retentive arm.
Its function is to counterbalance any stress generated
against the tooth by the retentive arm.
It is rigid throughout its length.
The bracing arm provides resistance to horizontal
forces exerted on a tooth by the retentive clasp
terminal during seating and unseating of the
prosthesis (reciprocation).
MEANS OF CONNECTION
Major Connectors
Definition:
◦ “The component of the partial denture that
connects the parts of the prosthesis located on
one side of the arch with those on the opposite
side.”
◦
GPT-2001
Functional elements of Clasp
MINOR CONNECTOR
It joins the small components e.g. rests and
clasps, to the saddles or to the major connector.
They also contribute to the functions of bracing
and reciprocation as in the RPI system.
TYPE OF MINOR CONNECTOR
Those which:
Join clasp to major connector
Join indirect retainers or auxiliary rest to major
Connector
Join denture base to major connector
Serve as approach arms for bar- type clasp
Functions of Minor
connector
Unification and rigidity
Stress distribution
Bracing through contact
with guiding planes
Maintain path of insertion
Partial dentures
components
Denture Base:
Which supports the teeth
Means of Support
REST
It is positioned in a prepared recess on the tooth
surface and resist displacement of the clasp in a
gingival direction.
Contributes to resistance to horizontal
movement.
THANK YOU
MEANS OF SUPPORT
Support
WHY?
Increase masticatory
efficiency
Support!
How?
Rest
“Any component of a partial denture on a
tooth surface that provides vertical support
is called a rest”
Rest Seat
Portion of a tooth prepared to receive a rest
Functions
2. Prevents denture base from moving
cervically & impinging gingiva
Major
Major connector
connector imbeds
imbeds into
into tissue
tissue
Partial dentures
components
TYPES:
DIRECT RETAINERS:
The component that engages an abutment
tooth and in so doing resists dislodging
forces applied to a removable partial
denture is called the direct retainer.
Partial dentures
components
TYPES:
REST:
The components of a removable partial denture that serve
primarily to transfer forces occurring against the prosthesis
down the long axis of the abutment teeth are called rests
Partial dentures
components
TYPES:
INDIRECT RETAINERS:
Which prevents the denture lifting across
the fulcrum line
Partial dentures
components
Minor connector:
Which connects the major connector
with other component such as rest
Types of direct retainers:
2-Intracoronal retainers (internal or
precision attachment):
It consists of two units
One is a female receptacle in a crown or inlay in
the abutment.
Second part is a male insert attached to the
partial denture.
The retention is derived by the frictional fit and
wedging
Types of direct retainers:
1-Intracoronal retainers types:
1. Internal attachment
2. External attachment
3. Stud attachment
4. Bar attachment
Indirect Retainer
Definition:
“The component of a
removable partial denture
that assists the direct
retainer(s) in preventing
displacement of the distal
extension denture base by
functioning through lever
action on the side opposite of
the fulcrum line when the
denture base moves away
from the tissues in pure
rotation around the fulcrum
line.”
INDIRECT RETAINER
FULCRUM LINES
•Definition:
Movement of the base AWAY from the ridge around
an imaginary line connecting the retentive clasp tips.
(This is the axis relevant to indirect retention.)
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