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Understanding Polarograms and Ilkovic Equation

The document discusses polarograms, which are graphical representations used in polarography, a subset of voltammetry, to analyze electroactive species through current-voltage curves. Key components of a polarogram include diffusion current and half wave potential, which are essential for determining element concentration and conducting qualitative analysis. The Ilkovic equation is introduced as a formula connecting diffusion current with concentration in polarographic studies.

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Oindrila Dhar
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7 views17 pages

Understanding Polarograms and Ilkovic Equation

The document discusses polarograms, which are graphical representations used in polarography, a subset of voltammetry, to analyze electroactive species through current-voltage curves. Key components of a polarogram include diffusion current and half wave potential, which are essential for determining element concentration and conducting qualitative analysis. The Ilkovic equation is introduced as a formula connecting diffusion current with concentration in polarographic studies.

Uploaded by

Oindrila Dhar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POLAROGRAM:

Graph of Polarographic Analysis

OINDRILA
DHAR
MSc-I
Roll No.- 28
Why do we need Polarogram?
The polarogram is developed according to the observations noted during the experiment
of polarography. Polarography is subset of Voltammetry.
The word root ‘voltam’ tells us straightaway that we are looking at both potential (‘volt-’)
and current(‘am-’).
The data are obtained as a current–voltage curve that is characteristic of the
electroactive species.

The graphical representation


of the observations,
shows the variations
and progress of the experiment.
A typical Polarogram looks like…..

POLAROGRAPHIC MAXIMA
A typical Polarogram looks like…..
A typical Polarogram looks like…..
The different
areas in the
polarogram are of
significance:
id
CURRENT
DECOMPOSITION
POTENTIAL
HALF WAVE
POTENTIAL E1/2

Id/2
RESIDUAL
CURRENT
DIFFUSION
CURRENT
CURRENT

id

DECOMPOSITION
POTENTIAL
HALF WAVE
POTENTIAL E1/2

Id/2
RESIDUAL
CURRENT
LIMITING CURRENT

DIFFUSION
CURRENT
CURRENT

id

DECOMPOSITION
POTENTIAL HALF WAVE
POTENTIAL E1/2
A typical Polarogram looks like…..

POLAROGRAPHIC
MAXIMA
POLAROGRAPHIC MAXIMA
A typical Polarogram looks like…..

POLAROGRAPHIC
MAXIMA
What do we attain from the Polarogram?
From the different sections of the polarogram, the diffusion current (id), and the half
wave potential (E1/2) are of importance for the main aim of polarography:

Finding the concentration of the elements


Qualitative Analysis of the test sample
The Ilkovic equation is a polarography formula that connects the diffusion current (id) with the
concentration of the non-polarisable electrode, i.e., the chemical reduced or oxidised at the
falling mercury electrode (polarisable electrode).

(id)avg = 607 ncm2/3 t1/6 D1/2

(id)max = 706 ncm2/3 t1/6 D1/2


REFERENCES
• Carsten Cramer, Peter Fischer, Erich J. Windhab, Drop formation in a co-
flowing ambient fluid, Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 59, Issue 15.
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "polarography". Encyclopedia
Britannica, 22 Jan. 2018,
[Link] Accessed 15 March 2023.
• Paul M.S Monk, “Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry”, Analytical
Techniques in the Sciences, Wiley India Edition, 2010.
THANK YOU

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