Wireless Sensor

Networks (WSN)
Prof [Link]
 Introduction-Wireless Sensor
Networks
• Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-
Infrastructure-less wireless network that is
deployed in a large number of wireless
sensors in an ad-hoc manner that is used to
monitor the system, physical or environmental
conditions.
• Networks are communication system designed
to convey information from a point of origin to
a point of destination
 8ETC 03- Wireless Sensor Networks

Course Objectives:
[Link] concepts of Wireless
Sensor Networks
[Link] details of WSN
[Link] study of the WSN.
 8ETC 03- Wireless Sensor Networks
Course Outcomes:
After successfully completing the course, the students will be
able to,
1. Understand the basis of Sensors with its applications
2. To learn the architecture and placement strategies of
Sensors
3. To analyse routing and congestion algorithms
4. To design, develop , and carry out performance analysis of
sensors on specific applications
5. To explore and implement solutions to real world problems
using sensor devices, enumerating its principles of working
6. To understand the working through the case study on WSN
 8ETC 03- Wireless Sensor Networks
Unit-1
Introduction to wireless sensor Networks – Advantages of
ad-hoc/sensor networks, Unique constraints and challenges-.
Applications Platforms for WSN: Sensor node hardware: mica2,
micaZ, telosB, cricket, Imote2, tmote, btnode . Sensor node software
introduction (Operating System): tiny0S, MANTIS, Contiki, and Ret0S.
(7)
Unit-2
Single-Node Architecture. WSN coverage and placement: Coverage
problems in WSN – Type of coverage – OGDC(
Optimal Geographical Density Control) coverage Algorithm-
Placement Problem. (6)
Unit-3
Topology management in wireless sensor Networks-: Different
classification of topology management Algorithms- topology
discovery-sleep cycle management. Medium access control in
wireless networks. (6)
 8ETC 03- Wireless Sensor Networks
Unit-4
Routing in sensor networks: Data centric- position based routing- data aggregation- Clustered
based routing Algorithms. (5)
Unit-5
Congestion and flow control: Source of congestion- congestion control scenarios- Protocols for
congestion and flow control in sensor networks: ESRT-CODA-PSFQ-RCRT-RMST-Fusion. (6)
Unit-6
Hard ware design of sensor Networks : Characteristics – Design challenges- Design of
Architecture- Functional components- Energy supply- operating system. Application: Home
Control, Highway Monitoring, Environmental Engineering Applications. (6)
Text Books:
1)Holger Karl and Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks”,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
2)Zhao and L. Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks”, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2004
3)C. S. Raghavendra, [Link] and [Link], “Wireless Sensor Networks”, Springer, New
York, 2004
Reference Books
1. Anna Hac, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks:
Technology, Protocols, and Applications”, Wiley Inter Science, 2007.
What is Wireless Sensor Networks ?
Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Network
Technology

Computational
Power WSN

Sensor
Technology
 Network
• Network - any interconnected group or system.
• A network is any method of sharing information
between two systems.
Wireless Networking
Deployment Challenges - Wireless
• Transmission Medium
 Vegetation vs desert
 High vs low humidity etc
• Coverage
 What is the range of the mote?
 Break vs Re-associate distance
• Connectivity
 How stable is the connection?
 How is it affected by the change in battery voltage?
• Power consumption
 How much power does the radio use?
 What happens when the voltage drops?
 Types of Wireless Networks

• Infrastructure-based Wireless Networks

• Infrastructure-free Wireless Networks (Ad

hoc Networks)
 Infrastructure-based Wireless Networks
• Typical wireless network: Based on infrastructure
– E.g., GSM, UMTS, …
– Base stations connected to a wired backbone network
– Mobile entities communicate wirelessly to these base stations
– Traffic between different mobile entities is relayed by base stations
and wired backbone
– Mobility is supported by switching from one base station to another
– Backbone infrastructure required for administrative tasks

er Gateways IP backbone
r t h rk
o
Fu t w
ne s

Server
Router
Infrastructure-based Wireless Networks

• What if …
– No infrastructure is available? – E.g., in disaster areas
– It is too expensive/inconvenient to set up? – E.g., in
remote, large construction sites
– There is no time to set it up? – E.g., in military operations

?
Solution: (Wireless) Ad hoc Networks
• Try to construct a network without infrastructure, using networking
abilities of the participants
– This is an ad hoc network – a network constructed “for a
special purpose”
• Simplest example: Laptops in a conference room –
a single-hop ad hoc network
 Possible Applications for
Infrastructure-free Networks
• Factory floor  Disaster recovery  Car-to-car
automation
communication

c
ho
ad

 Military networking: Tanks, soldiers, …

 Finding out empty parking lots in a city, without asking a server
 Search-and-rescue in an avalanche
 Personal area networking (watch, glasses, PDA, medical appliance, …)
 …
Problems/challenges for ad hoc networks

• Without a central infrastructure, things become

much more difficult

• Problems are due to

– Lack of central entity for organization available
– Limited range of wireless communication
– Mobility of participants
– Battery-operated entities
 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
• A sensor network is a wireless network that consists of
thousands of very small nodes called sensors.

Base station

17
 Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) : Infrastructure-less wireless network that is
deployed in a large number of wireless sensors in an ad-hoc manner that is used
to monitor the system, physical or environmental conditions.

Sensor nodes are used in WSN with the onboard processor that manages and
monitors the environment in a particular area. They are connected to the Base
Station which acts as a processing unit in the WSN System.

Base Station in a WSN System is connected through the Internet to share data.
Example of WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks